What I learned about writing – The Marketing Monster (Again)

Taming the Marketing Monster: Essential Tips for First-Time Authors

You did it. You poured your heart and soul onto the page. You wrestled with plots, agonised over characters, and lovingly crafted your world. You have a book! Congratulations, you’ve conquered the writing beast.

But then, a new, more terrifying creature emerges from the shadows: The Marketing Monster.

For many first-time authors, the idea of marketing feels like a dark, unknown forest filled with confusing jargon, overwhelming tasks, and the constant fear of failure. It’s the part nobody really wants to do, but it’s absolutely crucial if you want your words to find their way to readers.

The good news? This monster isn’t invincible. With a little understanding and preparation, you can tame it. Let’s shine a light on the basic mistakes first-time authors often make and, more importantly, how to avoid them.


Mistake #1: Believing “If You Build It, They Will Come”

This is perhaps the most common and damaging misconception. The idea that a brilliant book will automatically find its audience is a beautiful fantasy, but a fantasy nonetheless. In today’s crowded market, even the most incredible stories can get lost without active promotion.

How to Avoid It:

  • Start Early: Marketing isn’t something you do after you finish writing. Start building your author platform (website, social media presence, email list) while you’re still drafting.
  • Embrace the Journey: See marketing as an ongoing part of your author career, not a one-time launch event. It’s a marathon, not a sprint.
  • Allocate Resources: Whether it’s time, money, or both, understand that marketing requires investment. Budget for it.

Mistake #2: Ignoring Your Ideal Reader

Who is your book for? If your answer is “everyone,” you’re setting yourself up for failure. Trying to appeal to everyone means you’ll appeal to no one specifically. Authors often create beautiful stories but fail to connect them with the people who would love them most.

How to Avoid It:

  • Define Your Niche: Research your genre. What are readers in that genre looking for? What kind of cover, blurb, and themes resonate with them?
  • Study Your Competitors (Comps): Look at successful books similar to yours. Who reads them? How are they marketed? This isn’t about copying, but understanding your market.
  • Craft Targeted Messaging: From your book cover to your blurb, your social media posts to your ad copy, everything should speak directly to your ideal reader.

Mistake #3: Neglecting Your Author Platform

Your author platform is your home base on the internet. It’s where readers can find you, learn about your work, and connect with you. Many first-time authors skip this step, relying solely on bookseller pages (like Amazon) or a single social media channel.

How to Avoid It:

  • Build an Author Website: This is your professional hub. It doesn’t need to be fancy or expensive, but it should include your bio, book information, contact details, and a way to sign up for your email list.
  • Start an Email List (Yesterday!): This is your most valuable asset. Social media algorithms change, but your email list is direct access to your most engaged readers. Offer a “reader magnet” (e.g., a free short story, deleted scene) to encourage sign-ups.
  • Choose 1-2 Social Media Channels: Don’t try to be everywhere. Pick the platforms where your ideal readers hang out and where you genuinely enjoy engaging. Be consistent, not ubiquitous.

Mistake #4: The “Set It and Forget It” Launch

A common mistake is treating book launch day as the finish line for marketing effort. They hit “publish,” make a few social media posts, and then wait for sales to roll in. When they don’t, discouragement quickly sets in.

How to Avoid It:

  • Develop a Launch Plan: Outline activities leading up to, during, and after your launch. This includes everything from ARC (Advanced Reader Copy) distribution to social media schedules, blog tours, and promo sites.
  • Understand Long-Term Potential: Most books don’t become overnight bestsellers. Sustainable sales come from consistent effort, building word-of-mouth, and finding your long-term audience.
  • Analyse and Adapt: Don’t be afraid to look at your sales data and review feedback. What’s working? What isn’t? Be willing to tweak your cover, blurb, or ad strategies.

Mistake #5: Poor Presentation & Professionalism

Your book is a product, and like any product, its packaging and presentation are crucial. Many first-time authors, trying to save money, opt for DIY covers, forgo professional editing, or write a blurb that doesn’t hook readers. This instantly signals “amateur.”

How to Avoid It:

  • Invest in Professional Cover Design: Your cover is your #1 marketing tool. It needs to be professional, genre-appropriate, and eye-catching. This is not the place to pinch pennies.
  • Hire a Professional Editor: Even the best writers need editors. Typos, grammatical errors, and clunky prose will turn readers off faster than anything else. Invest in a good editor.
  • Craft a Killer Blurb: Your book description (blurb) is what sells your book once the cover has caught their eye. It needs to be concise, intriguing, and clearly convey the genre and stakes. Study successful blurbs in your genre.

The Marketing Monster can seem daunting, but it’s largely a creature of the unknown. By understanding these common pitfalls and proactively preparing for your book’s journey into the world, you can transform that fear into a strategic, manageable plan.

Remember, you’re not just a writer; you’re an author-entrepreneur. Embrace the challenge, learn the ropes, and let your amazing story find the readers it deserves. Now go forth and conquer!

An excerpt from “Sunday in New York”

Now available on Amazon at:  https://amzn.to/2H7ALs8

Williams’ Restaurant, East 65th Street, New York, Saturday, 8:00 p.m.

We met the Blaine’s at Williams’, a rather upmarket restaurant that the Blaine’s frequently visited, and had recommended.

Of course, during the taxi ride there, Alison reminded me that with my new job, we would be able to go to many more places like Williams’.  It was, at worst, more emotional blackmail, because as far as Alison was concerned, we were well on our way to posh restaurants, the Trump Tower Apartments, and the trappings of the ‘executive set’.

It would be a miracle if I didn’t strangle Elaine before the night was over.  It was she who had filled Alison’s head with all this stuff and nonsense.

Aside from the half frown half-smile, Alison was looking stunning.  It was months since she had last dressed up, and she was especially wearing the dress I’d bought her for our 5th anniversary that cost a month’s salary.  On her, it was worth it, and I would have paid more if I had to.  She had adored it, and me, for a week or so after.

For tonight, I think I was close to getting back on that pedestal.

She had the looks and figure to draw attention, the sort movie stars got on the red carpet, and when we walked into the restaurant, I swear there were at least five seconds silence, and many more gasps.

Even I had a sudden loss of breath earlier in the evening when she came out of the dressing room.  Once more I was reminded of how lucky I was that she had agreed to marry me.  Amid all those self-doubts, I couldn’t believe she had loved me when there were so many others ‘out there’ who were more appealing.

Elaine was out of her seat and came over just as the Head Waiter hovered into sight.  She personally escorted Alison to the table, allowing me to follow like the Queen’s consort, while she and Alison basked in the admiring glances of the other patrons.

More than once I heard the muted question, “Who is she?”

Jimmy stood, we shook hands, and then we sat together.  It was not the usual boy, girl, boy, girl seating arrangement.  Jimmy and I on one side and Elaine and Alison on the other.

The battle lines were drawn.

Jimmy was looking fashionable, with the permanent blade one beard, unkempt hair, and designer dinner suit that looked like he’d slept in it.  Alison insisted I wear a tuxedo, and I looked like the proverbial penguin or just a thinner version of Alfred Hitchcock.

The bow tie had been slightly crooked, but just before we stepped out she had straightened it.  And took the moment to look deeply into my soul.  It was one of those moments when words were not necessary.

Then it was gone.

I relived it briefly as I sat and she looked at me.  A penetrating look that told me to ‘behave’.

When we were settled, Elaine said, in that breathless, enthusiastic manner of hers when she was excited, “So, Harry, you are finally moving up.”  It was not a question, but a statement.

I was not sure what she meant by ‘finally’ but I accepted it with good grace.  Sometimes Elaine was prone to using figures of speech I didn’t understand.  I guessed she was talking about the new job.  “It was supposed to be a secret.”

She smiled widely.  “There are no secrets between Al and I, are there Al?”

I looked at ‘Al’ and saw a brief look of consternation.

I was not sure Alison liked the idea of being called Al.  I tried it once and was admonished.  But it was interesting her ‘best friend forever’ was allowed that distinction when I was not.  It was, perhaps, another indicator of how far I’d slipped in her estimation.

Perhaps, I thought, it was a necessary evil.  As I understood it, the Blaine’s were our mentors at the Trump Tower, because they didn’t just let ‘anyone’ in.  I didn’t ask if the Blaine’s thought we were just ‘anyone’ before I got the job offer.

And then there was that look between Alison and Elaine, quickly stolen before Alison realized I was looking at both of them.  I was out of my depth, in a place I didn’t belong, with people I didn’t understand.  And yet, apparently, Alison did.  I must have missed the memo.

“No,” Alison said softly, stealing a glance in my direction, “No secrets between friends.”

No secrets.  Her look conveyed something else entirely.

The waiter brought champagne, Krug, and poured glasses for each of us.  It was not the cheap stuff, and I was glad I brought a couple of thousand dollars with me.  We were going to need it.

Then, a toast.

To a new job and a new life.

“When did you decide?”  Elaine was effusive at the best of times, but with the champagne, it was worse.

Alison had a strange expression on her face.  It was obvious she had told Elaine it was a done deal, even before I’d made up my mind.  Perhaps she’d assumed I might be ‘refreshingly honest’ in front of Elaine, but it could also mean she didn’t really care what I might say or do.

Instead of consternation, she looked happy, and I realized it would be churlish, even silly if I made a scene.  I knew what I wanted to say.  I also knew that it would serve little purpose provoking Elaine, or upsetting Alison.  This was not the time or the place.  Alison had been looking forward to coming here, and I was not going to spoil it.

Instead, I said, smiling, “When I woke up this morning and found Alison missing.  If she had been there, I would not have noticed the water stain on the roof above our bed, and decide there and then how much I hated the place.” I used my reassuring smile, the one I used with the customers when all hell was breaking loose, and the forest fire was out of control.  “It’s the little things.  They all add up until one day …”  I shrugged.  “I guess that one day was today.”

I saw an incredulous look pass between Elaine and Alison, a non-verbal question; perhaps, is he for real?  Or; I told you he’d come around.

I had no idea the two were so close.

“How quaint,” Elaine said, which just about summed up her feelings towards me.  I think, at that moment, I lost some brownie points.  It was all I could come up with at short notice.

“Yes,” I added, with a little more emphasis than I wanted.  “Alison was off to get some study in with one of her friends.”

“Weren’t the two of you off to the Hamptons, a weekend with some friends?” Jimmy piped up, and immediately got the ‘shut up you fool’ look, that cut that line of conversation dead.  Someone forgot to feed Jimmy his lines.

It was followed by the condescending smile from Elaine, and “I need to powder my nose.  Care to join me, Al?”

A frown, then a forced smile for her new best friend.  “Yes.”

I watched them leave the table and head in the direction of the restroom, looking like they were in earnest conversation.  I thought ‘Al’ looked annoyed, but I could be wrong.

I had to say Jimmy looked more surprised than I did.

There was that odd moment of silence between us, Jimmy still smarting from his death stare, and for me, the Alison and Elaine show.  I was quite literally gob-smacked.

I drained my champagne glass gathering some courage and turned to him.  “By the way, we were going to have a weekend away, but this legal tutorial thing came up.  You know Alison is doing her law degree.”

He looked startled when he realized I had spoken.  He was looking intently at a woman several tables over from us, one who’d obviously forgotten some basic garments when getting dressed.  Or perhaps it was deliberate.  She’d definitely had some enhancements done.

He dragged his eyes back to me.  “Yes.  Elaine said something or other about it.  But I thought she said the tutor was out of town and it had been postponed until next week.  Perhaps I got it wrong.  I usually do.”

“Perhaps I’ve got it wrong.”  I shrugged, as the dark thoughts started swirling in my head again.  “This week or next, what does it matter?”

Of course, it mattered to me, and I digested what he said with a sinking heart.  It showed there was another problem between Alison and me; it was possible she was now telling me lies.  If what he said was true and I had no reason to doubt him, where was she going tomorrow morning, and had she really been with a friend studying today?

We poured some more champagne, had a drink, then he asked, “This promotion thing, what’s it worth?”

“Trouble, I suspect.  Definitely more money, but less time at home.”

“Oh,” raised eyebrows.  Obviously, the women had not talked about the job in front of him, or, at least, not all the details.  “You sure you want to do that?”

At last the voice of reason.  “Me?  No.”

“Yet you accepted the job.”

I sucked in a breath or two while I considered whether I could trust him.  Even if I couldn’t, I could see my ship was sinking, so it wouldn’t matter what I told him, or what Elaine might find out from him.  “Jimmy, between you and me I haven’t as yet decided one way or another.  To be honest, I won’t know until I go up to Barclay’s office and he asks me the question.”

“Barclay?”

“My boss.”

“Elaine’s doing a job for a Barclay that recently moved in the tower a block down from us.  I thought I recognized the name.”

“How did Elaine get the job?”

“Oh, Alison put him onto her.”

“When?”

“A couple of months ago.  Why?”

I shrugged and tried to keep a straight face, while my insides were churning up like the wake of a supertanker.  I felt sick, faint, and wanting to die all at the same moment.  “Perhaps she said something about it, but it didn’t connect at the time.  Too busy with work I expect.  I think I seriously need to get away for a while.”

I could hardly breathe, my throat was constricted and I knew I had to keep it together.  I could see Elaine and Alison coming back, so I had to calm down.  I sucked in some deep breaths, and put my ‘manage a complete and utter disaster’ look on my face.

And I had to change the subject, quickly, so I said, “Jimmy, Elaine told Alison, who told me, you were something of a guru of the cause and effects of the global economic meltdown.  Now, I have a couple of friends who have been expounding this theory …”

Like flicking a switch, I launched into the well-worn practice of ‘running a distraction’, like at work when we needed to keep the customer from discovering the truth.  It was one of the things I was good at, taking over a conversation and pushing it in a different direction.  It was salvaging a good result from an utter disaster, and if ever there was a time that it was required, it was right here, right now.

When Alison sat down and looked at me, she knew something had happened between Jimmy and I.  I might have looked pale or red-faced, or angry or disappointed, it didn’t matter.  If that didn’t seal the deal for her, the fact I took over the dining engagement did.  She knew well enough the only time I did that was when everything was about to go to hell in a handbasket.  She’d seen me in action before and had been suitably astonished.

But I got into gear, kept the champagne flowing and steered the conversation, as much as one could from a seasoned professional like Elaine, and, I think, in Jimmy’s eyes, he saw the battle lines and knew who took the crown on points.  Neither Elaine nor Jimmy suspected anything, and if the truth be told, I had improved my stocks with Elaine.  She was at times both surprised and interested, even willing to take a back seat.

Alison, on the other hand, tried poking around the edges, and, once when Elaine and Jimmy had got up to have a cigarette outside, questioned me directly.  I chose to ignore her, and pretend nothing had happened, instead of telling her how much I was enjoying the evening.

She had her ‘secrets’.  I had mine.

At the end of the evening, when I got up to go to the bathroom, I was physically sick from the pent up tension and the implications of what Jimmy had told me.  It took a while for me to pull myself together; so long, in fact, Jimmy came looking for me.  I told him I’d drunk too much champagne, and he seemed satisfied with that excuse.  When I returned, both Alison and Elaine noticed how pale I was but neither made any comment.

It was a sad way to end what was supposed to be a delightful evening, which to a large degree it was for the other three.  But I had achieved what I set out to do, and that was to play them at their own game, watching the deception, once I knew there was a deception, as warily as a cat watches its prey.

I had also discovered Jimmy’s real calling; a professor of economics at the same University Alison was doing her law degree.  It was no surprise in the end, on a night where surprises abounded, that the world could really be that small.

We parted in the early hours of the morning, a taxi whisking us back to the Lower East Side, another taking the Blaine’s back to the Upper West Side.  But, in our case, as Alison reminded me, it would not be for much longer.  She showed concern for my health, asked me what was wrong.  It took all the courage I could muster to tell her it was most likely something I ate and the champagne, and that I would be fine in the morning.

She could see quite plainly it was anything other than what I told her, but she didn’t pursue it.  Perhaps she just didn’t care what I was playing at.

And yet, after everything that had happened, once inside our ‘palace’, the events of the evening were discarded, like her clothing, and she again reminded me of what we had together in the early years before the problems had set in.

It left me confused and lost.

I couldn’t sleep because my mind had now gone down that irreversible path that told me I was losing her, that she had found someone else, and that our marriage was in its last death throes.

And now I knew it had something to do with Barclay.

© Charles Heath 2015-2020

Sunday In New York

Top 5 sights on the road less travelled – Zagreb

Beyond Ban Jelačić: 5 Hidden Gems That Define the Real Zagreb

Zagreb. The name conjures images of the iconic red roofs of the Upper Town, the vibrant café culture of the Lower Town, and the mandatory selfies by the Funicular. It’s a beautifully manageable European capital, often praised for its charm and easy walkability.

But for the seasoned traveller—the one who seeks the unvarnished truth of a city—the real magic often lies where the tourist map runs thin.

If you’ve already checked off the Museum of Broken Relationships and sipped your coffee on Cvjetni Trg, it’s time to venture deeper. We’ve compiled the five essential experiences that will take you off the beaten path and into the authentic heart of Zagreb.


1. Descend into History: The Grič Tunnel

While many tourists stick to the surface, locals know that a fascinating, slightly eerie piece of history lies just beneath the cobblestones of the Upper Town.

The Grič Tunnel is a 350-meter-long passage originally constructed during World War II as an air-raid shelter. For decades, it was mostly forgotten, dark, and damp. Today, it has been beautifully renovated and repurposed as a public walkway, linking Radićeva Street (near the main square) to the other side of Grič Hill (near Mesnička Street).

It’s often used for fashion shows, art installations, and even the spectacular Advent in Zagreb Christmas market features sections here. But even on a quiet Tuesday afternoon, walking through its vast, vaulted halls offers a cool, dramatic escape and a poignant reminder of Zagreb’s turbulent past.

  • Why it’s RLT (Road Less Travelled): Many tourists assume it’s a construction site or just a side alley, missing the entrance entirely.
  • Insider Tip: While there are several entrances, try the one on Radićeva Street for the full dramatic walk-through experience.

2. A Silent Architectural Masterpiece: Mirogoj Cemetery

Admittedly, the word “cemetery” might not immediately sound like a key tourist destination, but Mirogoj is unlike any other burial ground. Designed in 1876 by the famed architect Hermann Bollé, Mirogoj is less a cemetery and more an open-air art gallery and park.

What defines the space are the massive, sweeping neo-Renaissance arcades clad in green ivy, housing the tombs of Croatia’s most influential figures, from writers and artists to politicians. The central dome and the rows of elegant statues create an atmosphere of serene, melancholy beauty.

This is a space that speaks volumes about Croatian history, artistry, and respect for the departed. It’s quiet, reflective, and stunningly photogenic—a short bus ride from the city centre, but a world away from the city noise.

  • Why it’s RLT (Road Less Travelled): It requires a slight detour (Bus 106 from Kaptol), discouraging day-trippers focused solely on the centre.
  • Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon, when the sun casts dramatic shadows across the ivy-covered arcades.

3. The Unassuming Heart of Local Life: Trešnjevka Market

To truly feel the pulse of local Zagreb life, you need to leave the polished centre and head west to the bustling district of Trešnjevka. While Dolac Market is mandatory viewing, Trešnjevački plac (Trešnjevka Market) is where real Zagreb families shop.

This market is large, chaotic, affordable, and incredibly authentic. You won’t just find your typical kumice (market grandmothers) selling produce; you’ll find everything from hardware stalls and used clothing to cheap, traditional dining halls (gableci) serving hearty lunch deals.

Wander the indoor stalls filled with vintage clothing and household trinkets, or browse the outdoor stands overflowing with local cheeses, fresh meats, and flowers. This is the perfect place to grab a ridiculously inexpensive lunch and observe the daily rhythm of the city’s working class.

  • Why it’s RLT (Road Less Travelled): Located outside the traditional tourist triangle, it requires using the tram system (Trams 3, 9, 12).
  • What to Try: Look for a gablec (daily lunch) sign—usually a simple, filling meal like goulash or stuffed peppers for under €7.

4. Find the Inventors’ Spirit: The Technical Museum Nikola Tesla

While art and history museums abound in Zagreb, the Technical Museum often gets overlooked in favor of flashier attractions. This is a mistake, especially for those interested in science, industry, and the incredible contributions of Croatian minds.

Named after the world-famous inventor Nikola Tesla, this museum is a fantastic throwback, filled with retro industrial machinery, firefighting equipment, and displays dedicated to engineering breakthroughs. Highlights include a full-scale coal mine model (which you can walk through!), vintage trams, and a dedicated room honouring Tesla himself.

It’s hands-on, slightly dusty in a charming way, and a beautiful testament to Croatia’s industrial history and inventive spirit.

  • Why it’s RLT (Road Less Travelled): It isn’t located directly in the central museum quadrant, requiring a short tram ride south of the main train station.
  • Must-See: Check the schedule for the planetarium shows. They are highly rated and offer an excellent break from walking.

5. Escape to the Peak: Medvednica Nature Park

If you feel the need for fresh mountain air and stunning city views that rival those from Lotrščak Tower, hop on a bus or drive toward the northern edge of the city and ascend the Medvednica mountain range.

Medvednica, with its highest peak, Sljeme, is Zagreb’s essential backyard playground. It offers miles of hiking/biking trails, the historic Medvedgrad (a medieval fortified town), and, most importantly, numerous traditional mountain huts (planinarski domovi) serving classic, hearty Croatian mountain food.

Spend a day hiking to one of the lookouts, explore the Veternica cave, or just drive up for lunch at the top. The views are spectacular, and the atmosphere is entirely different from the busy city below.

  • Why it’s RLT (Road Less Travelled): Requires dedicated travel time and is not a quick walk-by attraction.
  • What to Try: Order štrukli (baked cheese pastry) at a mountain hut after a long walk—it’s the ultimate Croatian comfort food, and it tastes better high up in the woods.

The Reward of the Detour

Zagreb is a city built on layers of history, culture, and architecture. While the central squares offer undeniable beauty, the true reward comes when you step off the main path.

These five spots provide a window into the life that sustains the city, whether that’s the silent dignity of a historic park, the daily bustle of a working market, or the rugged landscape that surrounds it.

So, put away the polished guidebook, grab a tram, and go discover the real, complex, and captivating Zagreb.

Skeletons in the closet, and doppelgangers

A story called “Mistaken Identity”

How many of us have skeletons in the closet that we know nothing about? The skeletons we know about generally stay there, but those we do not, well, they have a habit of coming out of left field when we least expect it.

In this case, when you see your photo on a TV screen with the accompanying text that says you are wanted by every law enforcement agency in Europe, you’re in a state of shock, only to be compounded by those same police, armed and menacing, kicking the door down.

I’d been thinking about this premise for a while after I discovered my mother had a boyfriend before she married my father, a boyfriend who was, by all accounts, the man who was the love of her life.

Then, in terms of coming up with an idea for a story, what if she had a child by him that we didn’t know about, which might mean I had a half brother or sister I knew nothing about. It’s not an uncommon occurrence from what I’ve been researching.

There are many ways of putting a spin on this story.

Then, in the back of my mind, I remembered a story an acquaintance at work was once telling us over morning tea, that a friend of a friend had a mother who had a twin sister and that each of the sisters had a son by the same father, without each knowing of the father’s actions, both growing up without the other having any knowledge of their half brother, only to meet by accident on the other side of the world.

It was an encounter that in the scheme of things might never have happened, and each would have remained oblivious of the other.

For one sister, the relationship was over before she discovered she was pregnant, and therefore had not told the man he was a father. It was no surprise the relationship foundered when she discovered he was also having a relationship with her sister, a discovery that caused her to cut all ties with both of them and never speak to either from that day.

It’s a story with more twists and turns than a country lane!

And a great idea for a story.

That story is called ‘Mistaken Identity’.

Writing a book in 365 days – 311

Day 311

Exploring our dreams

Unlocking the Night: Exploring the Mystical and the Mundane in Our Dreams

The moment our conscious minds drift into slumber, a new world unfurls. A world where gravity is optional, where the familiar can morph into the surreal, and where echoes of our waking lives mingle with the utterly bizarre. Dreams. They’ve captivated, puzzled, and inspired humanity for millennia, sparking endless debate about their true nature. Are they celestial messages whispered from beyond, or simply the chaotic rumblings of our own sleeping brains?

For many, dreams are indeed magical journeys. They offer an escape from the mundane, transporting us to fantastical landscapes, reuniting us with lost loved ones, or allowing us to fly through star-dusted skies. These are the dreams that linger, leaving us with a sense of wonder and a touch of longing for the ephemeral reality we briefly inhabited. They can feel profoundly significant, imbued with a wisdom or a warning that feels almost otherworldly. Think of the ancient interpretations, where dreams were seen as direct communications from deities or omens of the future. This perspective imbues our dreamscapes with a powerful, almost spiritual, aura.

On the other hand, the realm of psychology offers a compelling alternative: dreams as eruptions of the subconscious. Freud famously theorised that dreams are the “royal road to the unconscious,” a space where repressed desires, unresolved conflicts, and hidden anxieties can manifest in symbolic form. From this viewpoint, those fleeting images and nonsensical narratives are not random but are rather the deeply buried parts of ourselves fighting for attention. That recurring dream of being chased might not be a premonition of danger, but a symbolic representation of avoidance in our waking life. Understanding these subconscious eruptions can be a powerful tool for self-discovery and personal growth.

But how do we bridge these two seemingly disparate interpretations? And more importantly, how do we glean meaning from the often elusive tapestry of our dreams? For a growing number of individuals, the answer lies in a simple yet profound practice: keeping a dream journal.

The act of writing down your dreams, no matter how fragmented or strange they may seem, is an incredibly potent way to engage with your nocturnal adventures. It’s like catching fireflies in a jar – you’re capturing fleeting moments of light and then examining them more closely in the quiet of the morning.

Here’s why a dream journal can be so transformative:

  • Enhanced Recall: Dreams are notoriously fleeting. The moment you wake up, the images begin to fade. By immediately jotting down what you remember, you’re preserving these valuable fragments before they vanish into the ether. Even a few keywords or a fleeting image can trigger fuller memories later.
  • Pattern Recognition: Over time, you’ll start to notice recurring themes, symbols, and emotions in your dreams. This is where the real magic of a journal unfolds. Are you frequently encountering water? Are there specific people who keep appearing? These patterns can offer profound insights into your current emotional state, your subconscious concerns, and even your deepest aspirations.
  • Symbol Interpretation: While some dream symbols are universal, many are deeply personal. By seeing your symbols laid out in your journal, you can begin to decipher their unique meaning to you. What does that specific colour, that peculiar object, or that strange location represent in your personal lexicon?
  • Bridging the Gap: A dream journal can act as a bridge between the magical and the mundane. You can still appreciate the fantastical journeys while simultaneously seeking the underlying psychological messages. It allows for both wonder and introspection.
  • Boosting Creativity: Many artists, writers, and musicians draw inspiration directly from their dreams. A well-maintained dream journal can be a treasure trove of unique ideas, unexpected plot twists, and evocative imagery, fueling your creative endeavours.

Whether you view your dreams as whimsical escapades or as vital messages from your inner self, the practice of keeping a dream journal offers a tangible way to connect with this mysterious and often overlooked aspect of your existence. So, next time you wake with a phantom sensation or a lingering image, grab a notebook and pen. You might just be on the verge of unlocking a hidden world within yourself.

What are your thoughts on dreams? Do you keep a dream journal? Share your experiences in the comments below!

In a word: Spark

So, as far as I’m concerned the word ‘spark’ is something that is created by a fire, and can create havoc.

But…

Another meaning is that a ‘spark’ is created by a ‘spark plug’ in order to force the pistons of an engine to drive the crankshaft

This leads to…

There is no spark in this relationship, so perhaps it’s going nowhere.  No, we’re not looking for a fiery spark, but a small amount of very intense feeling

Spark?

I was watching God Friended Me last night and I’m sure like many others we were waiting to see that spark that would change their relationship from the friend zone, to something else.

And…

I think it was there.  Of course, we’ll have to wait till next week to find out.

As for the word spark, well there several different meanings, one of which I am familiar with when I was young.

Being called a ‘bright spark’

Depending on who used that remark, it could either mean you were clever or you were a smart ass, which I suspect was the reference to me.

Then, moving on

Saying something inflammatory ‘sparked’ the crowd into action.  A single remark can be equated to a literal ‘spark’ that can ignite a reaction.

A lynching perhaps?

And what about, once upon a time, a ship’s radio officer, he was called ‘sparks’ or ‘sparkie’, also a name that sometimes refers to an electrician.

I can see plenty of uses for this word in a story.

“The Devil You Don’t”, she was the girl you would not take home to your mother!

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John Pennington’s life is in the doldrums. Looking for new opportunities, and prevaricating about getting married, the only joy on the horizon was an upcoming visit to his grandmother in Sorrento, Italy.

Suddenly he is left at the check-in counter with a message on his phone telling him the marriage is off, and the relationship is over.

If only he hadn’t promised a friend he would do a favour for him in Rome.

At the first stop, Geneva, he has a chance encounter with Zoe, an intriguing woman who captures his imagination from the moment she boards the Savoire, and his life ventures into uncharted territory in more ways than one.

That ‘favour’ for his friend suddenly becomes a life-changing event, and when Zoe, the woman who he knows is too good to be true, reappears, danger and death follow.

Shot at, lied to, seduced, and drawn into a world where nothing is what it seems, John is dragged into an adrenaline-charged undertaking, where he may have been wiser to stay with the ‘devil you know’ rather than opt for the ‘devil you don’t’.

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NANOWRIMO – November 2025 – Day 23

The Third Son of a Duke

Not getting off at Port Said, but going on to Alexandria to disembark with the other people involved in the war.

He is to be met on the wharf, and after disembarkation, that person could be any one of hundreds swarming towards the trains, officers barking orders and people going in all directions.

Confusion and chaos.

Then a voice comes out of the chaos.  A Staff Sergeant with a booming voice.

Orders.

Handed over, get on the train to Cairo, on your way, son….

He was just another soldier.

He goes to Cairo, reading the contents of a letter that’s marked read this first…

From his father

Then, read this second

Instructions on where to go in Cairo.

Cloak and dagger, seemingly, but he suspected it was anything but.

2230 words, for a total of 37175 words.

Writing about writing a book – Research

Day 27 – The story behind the network evolution using the very first IBM PC’s

Title: From Monolithic Isolation to Distributed Connectivity: The Genesis of Networked Computing in the Early IBM PC Era (1981–1985)


Abstract

The introduction of the IBM Personal Computer (PC) in 1981 fundamentally altered the landscape of corporate and personal computing. Initially conceived as a powerful, yet standalone, desktop appliance, the PC was often relegated to the role of a ‘dumb terminal’ for accessing centralised mainframe resources. This paper analyses the pivotal transition from this monolithic architecture to a distributed networking paradigm during the early 1980s. We examine the initial proprietary offerings, such as IBM’s PC Network and Token Ring, and the critical role played by pioneers like 3Com and Novell in establishing the Local Area Network (LAN) using dedicated servers and structured cabling. Furthermore, the paper details the parallel evolution of remote connectivity, tracing the significance of asynchronous communication, which began at speeds of 300 baud, facilitating inter-city data exchange essential for the nascent connected world, all before the commercialisation of the Internet protocol suite.


1. Introduction: The Standalone PC and the Centralised Model

The IBM PC (Model 5150) was positioned primarily as an individual productivity tool. Its architecture was self-contained, relying on local storage (floppy disks or, later, small hard drives) and running the MS-DOS operating system. In the corporate environment of the early 1980s, the predominant computing model was centralised, anchored by IBM mainframes (e.g., the System/370) or powerful minicomputers.

1.1 The PC as a Terminal Emulator

Despite its processing power, the PC’s initial function within large organisations was often one of subordination. To leverage existing infrastructure and data, the PC had to emulate legacy terminal devices. Although the prompt references the less common VT50 protocol, the historical necessity was to emulate terminals built by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) (e.g., VT52 and VT100 series) or IBM’s own proprietary 3270 synchronous terminals.

Using specialised hardware (e.g., communications adapter cards) and software, the PC operated as a passive gateway, sending keystrokes and receiving screen updates over serial lines. In this configuration, the PC was effectively isolated; it could not share resources directly with other PCs, and its local processing power was secondary to the mainframe’s central control. This era represented the PC’s embryonic phase—powerful hardware trapped within a legacy, non-networked framework.

2. The Paradigm Shift: Distributed Computing and the LAN

The inherent inefficiency of the isolated PC model—characterised by redundant peripheral purchases (printers, expensive storage) and difficulty in sharing data—catalysed the demand for dedicated local area networking (LANs). A network solution had to address file sharing, print spooling, and, crucially, provide a robust alternative to mainframe dependency.

2.1 IBM’s Initial Network Strategy: Proprietary Solutions

IBM entered the networking market with caution, often favouring proprietary technologies that leveraged its dominant position.

The IBM PC Network (1984): IBM’s first official foray into PC networking was based on broadband coaxial cable and utilised CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection), similar in concept to Ethernet but incompatible with existing Ethernet standards. While functional, the PC Network was costly, cumbersome to install, and offered relatively slow speeds (2 Mbps). It failed to gain widespread adoption outside of niche corporate environments.

Token Ring (1985): Recognising the limitations of the PC Network, IBM aggressively pushed the Token Ring architecture. Token Ring utilised a deterministic, token-passing access method, which IBM claimed offered superior reliability and predictability under heavy load compared to the probabilistic nature of collision-based systems like Ethernet. Token Ring required specialized cabling (shielded twisted-pair, STP) and expensive Multi-Station Access Units (MAUs). Although technologically robust and adopted heavily by large enterprises loyal to the IBM brand, it faced significant market challenges.

2.2 The Rise of Open Standards and Dedicated Servers

While IBM focused on proprietary solutions, the market rapidly embraced alternatives that offered lower cost, greater simplicity, and interoperability. This required a fundamental architectural shift: the realisation of the dedicated file server.

3Com and Ethernet: Founded by Robert Metcalfe (co-inventor of Ethernet), 3Com was instrumental in standardising and commercialising Ethernet for the PC platform. Ethernet utilised cheaper coaxial cabling (initially thinnet, 10BASE2) and later unshielded twisted-pair (UTP), operating at a competitive 10 Mbps. 3Com manufactured the critical component: the Network Interface Card (NIC). The proliferation of affordable NICs allowed any PC to become a network node.

Novell NetWare: The technical infrastructure (NICs and cabling) required an operating system layer to manage the distributed resources. Novell NetWare, released in the early 1980s, became the indispensable operating system for these early LANs. NetWare’s innovation was its high-performance file service, running on a dedicated PC server. This architecture formalised the necessary components of a modern LAN:

  1. Dedicated Server: A powerful PC running server-specific software (e.g., NetWare, not standard DOS) responsible solely for managing shared files, applications, and printers.
  2. Structured Cabling: Physical media (coax or twisted-pair) installed throughout the office, replacing haphazard point-to-point connections.
  3. Client-Server Model: Client PCs (workstations) running DOS or Windows accessed services managed by the server, executing application logic locally but storing data centrally.

This explosion of distributed networking empowered departments to manage their own data and resources, leading to a profound decentralisation of IT previously unthinkable in the mainframe era.

3. Bridging the Distance: Asynchronous Communication and the Modem

While LANs solved the within-building connectivity challenge, a parallel technological wave addressed inter-site and remote access needs: asynchronous, dial-up communication via modems.

3.1 The 300 Baud Revolution

In the early 1980s, the standard for personal computer remote access was the 300 baud (bits per second) modem. This speed allowed for extremely slow data transfer, taking approximately 10 seconds to transmit a standard 4,000-character screen of text. While seemingly primitive, the 300 baud modem represented a crucial technological breakthrough:

  • POTS Utilisation: It converted digital computer signals into analogue audio tones that could travel reliably over the existing Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), meaning remote access did not require expensive, dedicated leased lines.
  • Accessibility: Modems, standardised via protocols like Bell 103, made connectivity affordable and location-independent for small businesses and hobbyists.

3.2 Early Remote Connectivity: Servers, BBS, and File Transfer

The primary uses for these early remote connections defined the precursor environment to the modern Internet:

  • Bulletin Board Systems (BBS): Individuals ran server software on their home or office PCs, allowing others to dial in to exchange messages, share rudimentary file libraries, and engage in early forms of online community (e.g., using protocols like XMODEM or YMODEM for error-checked file transfers). The BBS represented a decentralised network of independent servers.
  • Corporate Remote Access: Businesses used modems to connect branch offices to central minicomputers or to allow remote employees (or travelling sales staff) to check email or synchronise small data files.
  • Early Service Providers: Companies established commercial proprietary networks (e.g., CompuServe, The Source) that users accessed via dial-up modems, providing news, weather, and basic email services.

These slow, point-to-point connections established the critical principle of wide-area data sharing, laying the conceptual groundwork for the necessity of standardised, high-speed protocols that TCP/IP would eventually provide.

4. Conclusion: The Foundation of Modern Networking

The period between 1981 and 1985 marks one of the most significant architectural shifts in computing history. The IBM PC, initially a standalone device, forced organisations to move past the bottlenecks and costs associated with monolithic, terminal-based computing.

While IBM attempted to dictate the networking standard with proprietary solutions like Token Ring, the market decisively favoured open, affordable alternatives pioneered by companies like 3Com (Ethernet hardware) and Novell (NetWare server software). This established the fundamental architecture of the modern office: distributed processing, dedicated file servers, and structured cabling (LANs). Simultaneously, the humble modem and its 300 baud pace provided the necessary remote-access capability, demonstrating the value of asynchronous wide-area connectivity.

This early 1980s transformation—the shift from centralised control to decentralised, networked resources—was not merely a technical upgrade; it was a socio-economic revolution that democratized data access and paved the way for the high-speed, interoperable infrastructure upon which the global Internet would later be built.


References

(Note: As a simulated academic paper, specific citations are generalised, but would typically include historical corporate documentation, technical standards papers, and contemporary computing periodicals.)

Clark, D. D., Lambert, M. L., & Falk, E. N. (1988). The IBM PC and the Token Ring Network: A Technical Perspective. IBM Systems Journal.

Metcalfe, R. M., & Boggs, D. R. (1976). Ethernet: Distributed packet switching for local computer networks. Communications of the ACM, 19(7), 395-404.

Petersen, M. (1995). The Novell Story: How NetWare Built an Empire. Business History Review.

Quarterman, J. S. (1990). The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide. Digital Press.

Wallace, R. (1984). The History and Future of the Modem. Byte Magazine.

The cinema of my dreams – I never wanted to go to Africa – Episode 46

Our hero knows he’s in serious trouble.

The problem is, there are familiar faces and a question of who is a friend and who is foe made all the more difficult because of the enemy, if it was the enemy, simply because it didn’t look or sound or act like the enemy.

Now, it appears, his problems stem from another operation he participated in, and because of it, he has now been roped into what might be called a suicide mission.

It took longer, as everything does when you’re in a hurry.
 
The plane was loaded, the fuel truck had just disconnected the final hose, and was leaving the field, and Davies was firing up the engines.
 
Everyone was on board and strapped in.  I gave my thanks to the Colonel and shut the door before joining Davies in the cockpit.
 
Looking at her cool, calm demeanor gave me confidence.  If anyone could get us out of here in one piece, she could.
 
I put the headphones on and put on the seat belt, just as she revved the engines, saw the wave from the ground crewman who removed the wheel chocks, and we started moving.
 
15 minutes to spare.  Would it be enough?
 
The Colonel had said that it was possible the helicopter might be one of those belonging to the air force and might have missiles that could shoot us down.  Not a good thought.  At the very least it would have a cannon, and if the bullets hit us, it could make an awful mess of the fuselage.
 
He didn’t have any good news though.
 
I was hoping it would just be a commercial helicopter with a couple of thugs with handguns shooting at us.
 
At the top of the runway, she didn’t waste time going to full throttle, and we started rumbling down the runway.  Unfortunately, the wind had changed and to take off we had to initially fly towards Congo airspace before turning towards our destination.
 
Then we lifted off and started gaining altitude.
 
Then I heard Davies mutter, “Fuck.”
 
Trouble.  I saw what elicited the curse.  The helicopter, heading towards us.
 
“Military,” she added.
 
Not that I had any idea what I was looking for, but it didn’t seem to have rockets, but it did have a cannon barrel under the fuselage.
 
“Brace yourself,” she said.  “We’re about to get on the roller coaster.”
 
Still climbing we were getting closer, and I could just see the cannon move.  If it was shooting rounds, they didn’t hit us, not from such a distance, but they were getting closer because we were still flying towards them.
 
Then, suddenly, she turned the planes to the right and down, a plunge so quick that my stomach was in my mouth.  I hate to think what it would be like for those in the back.
 
Aside from the fact my hearing was blocked by the headphones, I could still hear several mini-explosions coming from behind me.
 
Another curse, rather longer this time, from Davies and she twisted the plane back in the opposite direction, and heading around towards the airfield again, much lower down this time, with the helicopter in hot pursuit.
 
Now we couldn’t see it, but it would have a good view of our engines and tail.
 
If any of the bullets hit, we’d be in big trouble.
 
I was bracing myself for disaster.
 
Davies was coaxing the plane upwards, but it seemed sluggish.
 
Nothing happened.
 
“Gun’s jammed.” She said.  “If you don’t maintain your equipment…”
 
That statement was cut off by a huge explosion and turning as far as I could in my seat I just saw the remnants of a firewall, what was once a helicopter.
 
“Ground to air rocket.  The Colonel must have some interesting toys at his disposal.”  Davies sounded very relieved.
 
I started breathing again.
 
“Are we damaged?”  It was a valid question.  The plane seemed like it was flying awkwardly.
 
“I’d say so., Those explosions.  Cannon fire hitting the fuselage.  Probably took out some controls, or failing that, since there’s still maneuverability, probably just a few holes creating drag.”
 
She was a matter of fact like, but that was more because she was fighting the controls to keep us moving in the right direction.
 
Away from trouble.
 
“Go check it out,” she said.
 
At the head of the cabin, I saw the problem, a row of neat holes carved from one window through to halfway along the fuselage, going down.  We’d be lucky if one of the bullets hadn’t struck one of the wires that drove the flaps/
 
There was a hell of a noise from the air coming in through the holes.  
 
By the second window, slumped forward, was Shurl.  There was blood and blood spatter on the floor.  Monroe came up to me and yelled in my ear.
 
“Damned good flying, and only one casualty.  We were incredibly lucky.  Shurl wasn’t quick enough to get on the floor.  Other than that, we’re still in the air, and I’m guessing someone shot the helo down?”
 
“Ground to air missile.  Any sooner, that would have been us.  Try and sit back, rest, and enjoy the in-flight service.  Oh, and a prayer or two might help.”

© Charles Heath 2020-2021