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Third son of a Duke – The research behind the story – 13

All stories require some form of research, quite often to place a character in a place at a particular time, especially if it is in a historical context. This series will take you through what it was like in 1914 through 1916.

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Logistical Analysis of Imperial Volunteer Mobilisation: Brisbane to the Force in Egypt, March 1915

I. Strategic Context: Navigating Administrative Jurisdiction in Australia (March 1915)

The mobilisation of a British subject from Queensland, Australia, for direct Imperial Army service in Egypt during March 1915 presents a unique logistical problem defined by the necessity of bypassing the highly organised and centrally administered Australian Imperial Force (AIF). While the Australian Government had pledged substantial forces to Britain and recruitment for the AIF was proceeding robustly across the Dominion 1, the individual mandate to report for enlistment specifically to an overseas Imperial camp compels a fundamentally different administrative and financial pathway.

A. The Mandate: Imperial Service vs. Dominion Enlistment

In August 1914, recruitment offices for the AIF were swiftly established across Australia, rapidly processing thousands of volunteers willing to support the British Empire.2 By early 1915, AIF recruitment was centralised in major cities and towns, often relying on massive urban depots like those in Sydney and Melbourne.3 Volunteers for the AIF benefited significantly from this national mobilisation structure. New AIF recruits received a free railway ticket to the nearest city where basic military training was established, indicating that the Commonwealth absorbed all initial domestic travel costs.2 Furthermore, troops were transported overseas on requisitioned vessels designated as HMATs (His Majesty’s Australian Transports).4

The user’s explicit requirement to avoid AIF enlistment means forgoing this entire subsidised logistical chain. Since UK conscription was not enacted until January 1916 6, the individual is proceeding as a volunteer, potentially a reservist, reporting directly to the War Office authority overseas. This administrative difference means the entire journey must be treated as a self-funded civilian mobilisation, requiring specific clearance.

B. Administrative Requirement: Securing Imperial Clearance and Financial Liability

The first administrative step, after determining the intention to serve the Imperial forces directly, is securing documentation. Given the AIF’s effective monopoly on local military recruitment 7, the individual must locate the nearest representative of the Imperial military authority, likely a British naval attaché or consular office in Brisbane or, more probably, Sydney. This official would need to register the subject’s status and issue necessary travel documentation (such as a warrant or passport endorsement) confirming the destination in Egypt. This documentation is critical for legitimate disembarkation in the highly controlled military zone around the Suez Canal.

The avoidance of the AIF structure carries a substantial financial implication. Where AIF troops were transported free of charge, the independent Imperial subject must acquire commercial passage. An analysis of commercial fares advertised around 1914 and early 1915 confirms this significant expenditure. Saloon (First Class) tickets from Australia to London (which passed through the Suez Canal) were priced around £40, while the economically necessary Third Class (Steerage) fares ranged from £16 16/ to £18 18/.8 This outlay, borne entirely by the individual, contrasts sharply with the zero cost for AIF volunteers and represents a fundamental logistical burden imposed by the choice of Imperial service.

II. The Queensland Dilemma: Securing Commercial Maritime Passage

The location of the individual in Brisbane, Queensland, necessitates an initial phase of internal travel to secure a suitable vessel for the long-haul transit to the Suez Canal zone, as Brisbane was not the primary wartime hub for major Imperial sailings.

A. Brisbane’s Role in Wartime Logistics

In March 1915, the overwhelming majority of Australian contingent movements—both the initial First Convoy (November 1914) and the Second Convoy (December 1914)—departed from southern and western ports, specifically Albany, Melbourne, or Sydney.9 Brisbane was primarily integrated into the inter-state coastal steamer network.10 To secure a booking on a commercial passenger liner operating the Imperial route via Suez—vessels belonging to lines such as P. & O. Branch Service, White Star, or Aberdeen Lines 8—the individual must transit from Brisbane to a larger, federally important embarkation point, such as Sydney or Melbourne. This domestic travel segment must be self-funded, compounding the initial financial burden.

B. Commercial Shipping Availability and Viable Vessels

Despite the requisitioning of numerous vessels for military service (HMATs), key British passenger lines maintained irregular commercial services to the United Kingdom via the Suez Canal route.5 The operational environment in March 1915 was characterised by rapid military requirements leading to the constant conversion of ships, such as the Wandilla, which was converted to a troopship in March 1915.12

Crucially, the historical record confirms that individual transports, or ships carrying reinforcements, were sailing to Egypt in this precise timeframe. Documentation shows that a soldier identified as “Arthur” embarked on 13 March 1915, sailing directly to Alexandria, Egypt.13 This confirms the existence of vessels cleared for passage that month. The individual, having obtained Imperial clearance, would need to secure a berth on one of these commercial liners or, if permitted by Imperial authorities, a space aboard an official reinforcement transport sailing to the Middle East, which was the established training area before the Gallipoli campaign began the following month.14 Regardless of the specific vessel, the booking would require adherence to stringent naval control measures implemented for wartime security.

The divergent requirements for the individual, compared to the majority of men enlisting, are summarised below:

Commercial Passage Feasibility (Brisbane to Suez, March 1915)

CriterionAIF Route (Rejected)Imperial Subject (Required Route)
Local EnlistmentAIF Depot (Sydney/Melbourne) 3British Consular/Naval Authority (Self-report)
Initial Travel (Qld to Port)Free Railway Pass 2Self-funded Rail or Coastal Steamer to Sydney/Melbourne 10
Vessel TypeHMAT (Requisitioned Transport) 4Commercial Liner or Reinforcement Transport 11
Passage Cost (Australia to Suez)Free (Covered by AIF)£16 16/ to £40 (Third Class/Saloon) 8
DocumentationAIF Paybook/Identity DiscImperial travel permit and proof of personal funds

III. The Voyage: Conditions and Duration (Australia to Port Said)

The maritime journey from the Australian eastern seaboard to the Suez Canal zone constituted the longest and most physically demanding segment of the mobilisation process, typically lasting over one month and exposing the traveller to inherent wartime dangers.

A. Estimated Duration and Route

The voyage length depended heavily on the number of port calls and the speed of the vessel, which, in wartime, was often dictated by naval requirements rather than commercial schedules. Historical accounts from mid-1915 voyages indicate that the transit from a major departure port (such as Sydney/Melbourne) to the Suez Canal area (Suez port) averaged approximately 31 days.15

Accounting for the necessary internal transit from Brisbane to the southern departure port, the total time commitment from Queensland to disembarkation in Egypt would likely range between five and seven weeks. The established Imperial route proceeded across the Indian Ocean, typically involving a significant refuelling and provisioning stop at Colombo, before proceeding via Aden and into the Red Sea.4

B. Wartime Conditions and Naval Security

As an independent paying civilian, the individual’s journey would be defined by the security protocols governing merchant shipping. While the largest Australian troop contingents were often grouped into convoys for naval protection 4, many transport vessels in 1915 were dispatched alone, sometimes without naval escort, underlining the inherent risks of trans-oceanic travel in a global conflict.5

The physical environment during the final approach to Egypt was notoriously difficult. Upon entering the Red Sea, the heat became “terrific”.15 This extreme climate, combined with the inevitable crowding and potentially inadequate sanitation common to vessels repurposed for wartime use or carrying large numbers of steerage passengers, represented a significant test of endurance before active service even began.

C. Transit Through the Suez Zone

The journey culminated in transit through the Suez Canal area, a vital strategic waterway fiercely protected by British and Indian forces against Ottoman threats.17 Disembarkation points for troops included Alexandria, Suez, and Port Said.19 Troops arriving at the southern end of the Canal (Suez) often anchored for up to two days before disembarking.15 For the purpose of reaching the camps near Cairo, Port Said (at the northern terminus) or Suez (at the southern terminus) were the most likely points of entry for onward military travel.

IV. Arrival in Egypt: Port Said, Rail Transit, and Entry into the Force in Egypt

Upon arrival in the Suez Canal zone, the British subject transitioned instantly from self-funded civilian traveller to an inducted military asset under the direct control of the British Army’s command structure in Egypt.

A. Disembarkation Protocol and Military Control

Egypt served as a British Protectorate and a massive logistical staging ground for campaigns against the Ottoman Empire.21 The arrival port (Port Said or Suez) was a high-security military zone, vital for unloading not only manpower but also animals, guns, and supplies.19

Immediately upon disembarkation, the individual would fall under the strict military jurisdiction of the local garrison command, which was responsible for managing the massive influx of personnel. Administrative priorities focused heavily on sanitation and discipline. Newly arrived troops were subject to mandatory lectures on personal hygiene and venereal disease (VD) prevention.9 Specific areas of port cities and Cairo, known for vice, were designated “out of bounds” by military orders to mitigate health and discipline issues that were rampant among the high number of foreign troops.9

The Force in Egypt, commanded by General John Maxwell, was the established formation responsible for garrisoning the armed forces and defending the Suez Canal in 1915.17 The independent Imperial subject would be channelled directly into this British administrative structure, effectively segregating their processing from the vast, concurrent mobilisation of the ANZAC forces.

B. Rail Transit to the Cairo Camp Complex

The final movement from the port to the capital region relied upon the military-controlled Egyptian railway system, a critical logistical artery running along the Suez Canal.18 Travel by train from Suez overland to Cairo was documented as taking approximately seven hours.15

The destination for the independent British subject would be a British-controlled military establishment in the Cairo area, as opposed to the primary Australian hub. While Australian troops were famously concentrated at Mena Camp, a vast training facility near the Giza pyramids approximately 16 kilometres from Cairo 9, the British forces utilised other established bases. The Imperial recruit would likely be routed to one of several key British camps or barracks:

  1. Zeitoun Camp: A significant British base in the Cairo area.19
  2. Kasr el-Nil barracks: A key British presence located directly in Cairo’s Ismailiya district, near the administrative headquarters in Azbakiyya Square.19
  3. Tel el Kebir: A major training centre located roughly halfway between Port Said and Cairo, used for reinforcement training.19

The individual would be reporting to the Force in Egypt headquarters, which was centred in Cairo (e.g., the Cosmopolitan Hotel served as the military headquarters).21

The summary of the final logistical stage is as follows:

In-Theatre Transit (Port Said/Suez to Cairo, March 1915)

StageStart PointEnd PointMode of TransportEstimated DurationAdministrative Context
DisembarkationCanal Zone TransportSuez or Port Said Quay 19Port/Naval Transfer1–2 daysImmediate imposition of military rule; health protocols initiated 9
Camp TransitPort Said/SuezCairo Area (British Bases) 19Military Railway 18~7 hoursMovement into the core staging and training areas of the Force in Egypt 17
InductionBritish Camp (Zeitoun/Kasr el-Nil) 19Training BarracksFoot/Internal Transport1–3 daysMedical examination, documentation processing, and kit issue 22

V. Reception and Integration: Induction into the Imperial Force in Egypt (1915)

The final administrative step involved the induction process into the existing British military establishment in Egypt, which, in 1915, was primarily focused on canal defence and preparing troops for potential deployment elsewhere.

A. Induction Process and Logistical Shortages

Upon arrival at the assigned British camp near Cairo, the recruit would undergo formal administrative processing under the authority of the Force in Egypt.17 Given the immense volunteer rush experienced globally by the British Army in the initial phase of the war, the processing system was often strained and characterised by haste.22

The initial medical examination was designed to quickly vet the volunteer’s fitness for service.22 Historical evidence suggests that early in the war, the pressure to acquire manpower often led recruiting sergeants and medical officers to relax physical standards, resulting in men with existing medical conditions being accepted.23 The individual should expect a rapid, possibly perfunctory, medical inspection before formal attestation.

Following acceptance, the new soldier would be issued equipment and a uniform.24 However, the logistical infrastructure in 1914–1915 struggled to keep pace with the huge volume of incoming volunteers. As a result, conditions in training camps were often basic, and supplies of necessary equipment were limited.22 The issued uniform might be ill-fitting or incomplete, a common complaint among new recruits during this period.24

B. Training Environment and Camp Life

The newly inducted soldier would be assigned to a unit or a general reinforcement depot, likely at Zeitoun or possibly Tel el Kebir, joining the stream of Territorial Force or New Army reinforcements funnelling through Egypt.19

Training was immediate and intensive, typically involving six days of activity per week.9 While the physical environment was novel, camp life was highly disciplined. The proximity of the military camps to Cairo meant that the new troops were introduced immediately to an exotic, yet volatile, urban environment. Soldiers were allowed to explore Cairo city, renowned for its bazaars, cafés, and vice districts.9 This interaction frequently led to tension and physical confrontations with local residents, who were sometimes viewed with mistrust by the soldiers, particularly the well-paid Dominion troops.9 The infamous “Battles of the Wazzer” (May/June 1915) were violent clashes involving troops and local business owners in Cairo’s entertainment district, a direct consequence of the strain placed on the city by the large military presence.21

To combat disciplinary problems and prevent the spread of disease, the military established strict controls, including declaring certain city areas off-limits and even setting up medically controlled brothels overseen by the Medical Corps.9 The new recruit, therefore, entered a training environment defined not only by drill and fitness but also by strict adherence to military regulations aimed at minimising cultural friction and preserving public health within the crucial Egyptian staging ground.

Conclusions

The administrative requirement for a British subject in Queensland to report directly for Imperial enlistment in Egypt in March 1915 critically defined their logistical experience. By avoiding the AIF’s streamlined and subsidised mobilisation, the individual assumed full financial responsibility for travel, requiring an outlay of between £16 and £40 for commercial passage via the Suez Canal route.8

The journey required a mandatory, self-funded internal transit from Brisbane to a major southern port (Sydney or Melbourne) to secure passage on an irregular commercial liner or reinforcement transport sailing to the Middle East. The long voyage, lasting approximately 31 days across the Indian Ocean and through the intensely hot Red Sea, culminated in disembarkation at a military port like Suez or Port Said.

The final leg of the journey involved transfer by military railway (approximately seven hours) to a British training establishment in the Cairo area, such as Zeitoun Camp or Kasr el-Nil barracks, distinct from the large Australian training area at Mena. Induction would be swift, marked by potentially rushed medical inspection and the issuance of basic, possibly incomplete, kit. The soldier was immediately integrated into the volatile military ecosystem of the Force in Egypt, characterised by intense training, stringent discipline, and high cultural tension with the local population.

“Going once, going twice…” – a short story

It was the small town that we had visited once, some years ago, that had enticed me back.

Those had been happier times, times when the stench of money hadn’t overtaken sensibility, and who we really were.

Not that I had changed all that much, except for the Upper West Side apartment, and posh car to go with it, but what had disappointed me was the change in Liz, the woman I thought once was the love of my life.

Without the trappings of wealth, she was the kindest, most thoughtful, and generous person I knew, but that changed when I became the recipient of an inheritance that beggared belief.  We both made a promise from the outset that it would not change us, but unfortunately, it did.

And that was probably the main reason I was standing outside an old fixer-upper house on several acres overlooking the ocean.

I’d asked Liz to come, but she was having a weekend away in Las Vegas with her new friends, or as one of the ladies rather salaciously said, ‘what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas’ kind of weekend.

Charmaine had told me about the house, one that she had admired for a long time, but didn’t have the means to buy it.

Charmaine was a painter, a rather good one, and both Liz and I had met her on a weekend away upstate, and I’d bought one of her landscapes to hang in our new apartment.  Liz hated it, but I think that had more to do with the painter than the painting, and that was because Charmaine had flirted with me, and that, I had observed over time, was how she was with everyone.

She called it her sales technique.  After all, it had worked on me.

I listened to the auctioneer go through the rules of the auction and then move on to a physical description of the property.  I’d attended several viewings and gained an idea of what was needed if I were to buy it.  It had good foundations and had only suffered from a lack of TLC.  It was how the auctioneer summed it up.

When he called for the first bid, I felt a hand slip into mine, and a glance sideways showed it to be Charmaine.  I had asked her along for support, but she had something else to do; it appeared now that she hadn’t.

“So,” she whispered next to my ear, “you were serious about this place?”

I had been dithering, not being able to make up my mind, but Liz, in the end, made the decision for me.  I’d overheard a snippet of conversation with one of her new friends, and to be honest, I’d been surprised.

“Perhaps it was time to find a hideaway.”

“Things that bad?”

I shrugged.  “Maybe I’m writing too much into it.  At any rate, I needed an excuse to get out of town, and being here was as good as any.”

The first bid came in at 450,000.   I knew the reserve was about 700,000, and I was prepared for 850,000.  I was hoping to spend less than that, as the renovations would be another 250,000.

“We could go and have a picnic.  It’ll certainly cost less than buying this place.”

“I’m here now.”

Holding hands was just one of Charmaine’s ‘things’, and I had never written anything into what might have been called a relationship of sorts.  We were not lovers, and the conversation had never been steered in that direction, but I did find myself gravitating towards her when Liz was off doing her thing with her friends.  To be honest, I simply liked the idea of a picnic and watching Charmaine paint her landscapes.

I raised the bid to 500,000.  Another from the previous bidder, 550,000.  Another at 600,000.  It seems there were three bidders for the property.  The other sixteen people attending were observers, undoubtedly locals interested in how this would help their property value.

I went 625,000 when the auctioneer changed the increment after a lack of bidding.  It was countered, and the next bid was 650,000.  Another at 657,500, and then the first bidder went to 700,000, the reserve.

“You do realise the other bidders are friends of the owner and are there to push the price up?” Charmaine whispered in my ear.

I’d heard of it happening, but I’d not suspected it until she mentioned it.

“Going once, going twice at 700,000.”  The auctioneer looked at me.  “I’ll accept 10,000 increments.”

I nodded.  710,000.  It quickly moved to 800,000, after I bid 790,000.

The auctioneer looked at me expectantly.  “810,000, sir?”

That was more than I wanted to spend, though an elbow in the ribs was the clincher, and when I declined, there was an air of disappointment.

“Going once, going twice, all done at 800,000?”  A look around the crowd confirmed we were all done, and the gavel came down.

“Looks like we’re going on a picnic,” she said.  “I’d expect a call in an hour or so.”

Two things happened that weekend, both of which surprised me.  The first, Charmaine was right, I did get a call, and finished up with a hideaway in the country, overlooking the ocean.  The second, Liz didn’t come back from Las Vegas.  She had apparently found someone new, someone more exciting, or so she said.

I was disappointed but not overly concerned.  She had changed, and I had not, and if the truth be told, we were drifting apart.  We parted amicably, sold the apartment, and moved on in different directions.

I had a new residence and renovations to take my mind off the break-up, and when I told Charmaine, she said she thought we were not a perfect match, in her opinion.  And in light of my new status, I could now ask her to come and stay in the spare bedroom, a lot better, I said, than the one-person tent she had been using, an offer she readily accepted.

Until, a year later, it became something more than that.

…

© Charles Heath 2025

The 2am Rant: Is there something wrong?

I asked myself that question when about 1000 odd words into a current short story, one that I continue to go back to, but found an initial reluctance to write, and now seems to be difficult to continue.

Is the reason because I don’t feel like writing, that I’ve written myself into a corner, the story isn’t flowing, or there’s something else I’d rather be doing…

Like, scouring the internet…

Working on writing some blog posts, like this one…

Checking my email…

Checking my other blogs to see how many people have viewed my recent posts,

Or just puddle with anything other than what I should be doing.

The thing is, I know where most of the stories are going, it’s just a matter of sitting down, picking up the threads, and writing. Certainly, I could be working on one or another right now.

But, something is nagging at me.

I thought it was that I wanted to write another Being Inspired piece, having the photo I wanted to use for inspiration in my head. I sat down this morning and started it, and got seven or eight paragraphs done, and then it was time to go down to breakfast.

Attention diverted.

I could have written more after breakfast, but that seemed to segue into a chat over coffee that ran into lunch. It’s odd how it seems there is so much to talk about.

Then it’s been one excuse after another that has kept me from picking up that story and running with it. I could do it now, but that reluctance remains.

Perhaps tomorrow.

For now, I’m going to work on some crosswords and see if that doesn’t inspire me, and if it doesn’t I could always have an early night.

It’s the same every time we go away, on the run all day doing touristy stuff, making notes for later on, on the run, and then getting back to the room exhausted. After all, there is so much to see and do.

Maybe I’ll just reflect on today and worry about it tomorrow, except…

We have an equally hectic day planned.

Maybe I’ll get that holiday from writing after all.

Writing a book in 365 days – 330

Day 330

Crafting Believable, Powerful Female Protagonists Without Alienating Your Readers

In recent years, the demand for strong, dynamic female protagonists has surged. Audiences are rejecting outdated, passive female characters and instead championing stories where women take the lead. But as writers, how do we create compelling, powerful female heroes without veering into caricature or alienating readers who crave authenticity and relatability? A powerful protagonist isn’t about being the “strongest,” “toughest,” or “most fearless” at all costs. It’s about building a character who feels real—flawed, complex, and driven by something deeper than a checklist of “strong traits.” Here’s how to strike that balance.

1. Power ≠ Perfection: Give Her Flaws

One of the biggest pitfalls in creating “strong” female characters is making them infallible. Perfection is unrelatable. A woman who never doubts herself, never stumbles, and never shows vulnerability is not powerful—she’s a robot.

Take Daenerys Targaryen (Game of Thrones) as an example. Her early portrayal as the “Mother of Dragons,” a noble, idealistic leader, made her relatable. Her later arc, while controversial, was memorable because it humanized her: her rage, her mistakes, and the consequences of her ambition made her a complex character, not just a “warrior queen.”

The lesson: Strength is not the absence of weakness. A powerful female protagonist should struggle with fears, insecurities, or ethical dilemmas. Let her fail. Let her grow. Imperfection makes her human.

2. Motivate Her Power: What Does She Want?

Why is she powerful? What drives her? A compelling protagonist doesn’t exist in a vacuum; her strengths and flaws should serve her goals and the story’s stakes.

Consider Hermione Granger (Harry Potter). Her intelligence is not just a trait—it’s the engine of her character. She’s driven by a love of learning, a desire to prove herself, and a fierce loyalty to her friends. Her “strength” is in how she uses her knowledge, not just in being “smarter than everyone else.”

The lesson: Give her a clear, grounded motivation. Whether it’s protecting her family, righting a wrong, or proving her worth, her power should be deeply tied to her emotional core.

3. Balance Strength With Relatability

A powerful protagonist doesn’t have to be a one-woman army. Her strength can be emotional, intellectual, or moral. It just needs to resonate with her world and the challenges she faces.

For instance, Eleanor Shellstrop (The Good Place) is powerful in her wit, resilience, and ability to connect with others—even when she’s flawed, selfish, or insecure. Her journey from self-centeredness to heroism is far more engaging than if she’d been written as a “perfect” woman from the start.

The lesson: Let her power reflect the story’s context. In a thriller, it might be resourcefulness under pressure. In a romance, it might be emotional honesty. In a fantasy, it might be leadership or magical skill.

4. Avoid the “Manhater” Trap

A powerful female character doesn’t need to prove her strength by rejecting or defying men. In fact, this trope often backfires, reducing her to a caricature of feminism. A character who is simply “angry at men” without deeper motivation is not empowering—she’s unappealing.

Take Pepper Potts (Iron Man) as a contrast. She’s a smart, capable leader who runs a global tech empire, but her relationship with Tony Stark isn’t a subplot about “dominating men” or “rejecting them.” She’s focused on her own growth and doing the right thing, which is far more compelling.

The lesson: Her relationships with other characters (including men) should serve the story, not act as a crutch for “her being strong.” Let her have autonomy and agency separate from gender dynamics.

5. Give Her a Unique Voice and Perspective

Powerful protagonists often have strong wills, but their personalities need to be distinctive and nuanced. A “strong” character isn’t just loud or bold—they might be quiet, observant, or introspective. Their voice should reflect who they are.

Consider Rey (Star Wars: The Force Awakens). Her strength isn’t just in wielding a lightsaber—it’s in her selflessness, perseverance, and quiet determination to do good in a galaxy full of chaos. Her journey resonates because it’s not about brute force, but about heart.

The lesson: Let her personality shine. Is she a strategic thinker, a passionate advocate, or a pragmatic problem-solver? Her voice should reflect this, making her memorable without being performative.

6. Context Matters: Tailor Her Power to the Setting

A powerful female protagonist should be shaped by her world. In a medieval fantasy, her strength might be in diplomacy or magic. In a modern workplace drama, it might be in negotiation or resilience under pressure.

Take Katsa (Graceling), whose physical strength is both a gift and a curse in a rigid, hierarchical society. Her power is tied to her culture’s values and prejudices, making her struggle universal.

The lesson: Research and build her power around her environment. How does her strength interact with the world’s rules, norms, and conflicts?

The Key to Universal Appeal: Depth Over Stereotype

A powerful female protagonist isn’t defined by how many obstacles she “overcomes” or how many people she outmaneuvers. It’s about how deeply readers connect with her humanity. Avoid reducing her to a symbol of “strength”; instead, make her a real person with relatable struggles, unique goals, and a voice that lingers long after the story ends.

By grounding her in authenticity, you’ll create a character who isn’t just “strong”—they’re unforgettable.

What makes a female protagonist memorable to you? Share your favourites in the comments!

Top 5 sights on the road less travelled – Rhodes

That’s a great question! While Rhodes is famous for its Colossus and the Old Town, the island is large enough to hide numerous quieter corners.

Here are five places or activities to explore on a road less travelled in Rhodes:

1. The Medieval Fortress of Monolithos

  • What it is: A picturesque, ruined 15th-century castle built by the Knights of St. John, perched atop a massive, isolated rock overlooking the sea on the southwest coast.
  • Why it’s less travelled: It’s located far from the main resort towns and requires a dedicated drive. The destination itself is just the ruin and a small, functional chapel (Agios Panteleimonas), offering a quiet, reflective experience.
  • Activity: Climb the stone steps to the top for incredible panoramic views of the rugged coastline, the sea, and the nearby small island of Halki, especially beautiful at sunset.

2. Exploring the South Coast Beaches (e.g., Agathi or Prasonisi)

While the northern beaches are packed, the southern tip of the island offers wilder, quieter, and more remote stretches of sand.

  • Prasonisi: This is a small peninsula connected to Rhodes by a narrow strip of sand, creating two bays. It’s a spectacular natural spot.
    • Activity: It’s famous for windsurfing and kitesurfing due to the strong winds, offering an active alternative to sunbathing. One side is calm, and the other is wavy.
  • Agathi Beach (Golden Sand Beach): Though not completely unknown, it is significantly quieter than Faliraki or Tsambika, featuring fine golden sand and shallow, crystal-clear water.

3. The Seven Springs (Epta Piges) Tunnel Walk

Located inland, this is a cool, forested area offering a unique, slightly adventurous activity away from the beaches.

  • What it is: A lush oasis where seven natural springs converge to feed a river. The water is channelled through a dark, narrow, man-made tunnel built in 1931.
  • Activity: Walk the 186-meter-long tunnel! The water is shallow, but it’s pitch black, cold, and narrow, making it an adventurous and refreshing walk (if you prefer to stay dry, there is a path overground). It leads to a small lake where you can relax.

4. The Petaloudes Valley (Valley of the Butterflies)

While it attracts visitors, the Valley of the Butterflies offers a unique natural experience that takes you away from the coastal towns and focuses on nature conservation.

  • What it is: A unique habitat and one of the only places in Europe where the Panaxia Quadripunctaria (Jersey Tiger Moth) gathers in large numbers during the summer months (usually July and August).
  • Activity: Follow the gentle hiking path that winds through the cool, shaded valley, crossing small wooden bridges and waterfalls. It’s less about beach time and more about appreciating the island’s biodiversity and unique microclimate.

5. The Kamiros Ruins and Traditional Village of Embona

Kamiros and Embona offer a deep dive into the island’s history and local life, away from the bustling tourist centres.

  • Kamiros: Located on the west coast, this is one of the three ancient cities of Rhodes (alongside Lindos and Ialysos). It is a quieter, less-visited archaeological site.
    • Activity: Explore the well-preserved ruins of the Hellenistic city, which was abandoned centuries ago, giving you a sense of a genuine, unearthed ancient town without the crowds of a major landmark.
  • Embona: A traditional, mountainous village located on the slopes of Mount Attavyros (the island’s highest peak).
    • Activity: Embona is the centre of the island’s wine production. Visit a local winery, taste the indigenous varieties, and enjoy a traditional Greek lunch far from the tourist tavernas.

What I learned about writing – Life imitates art

It’s odd how art sometimes imitates life, but it’s much, much worse when life imitates art.

I mean, in a sense, it’s good that life imitates Star Trek because we need lasers to ward off unfriendly aliens when they finally arrive, as well as having intergalactic warp-speed vessels.

But it’s very, very bad when a contagion pops up, and the scenario that follows is right out of the script for the movie Contagion.

Or Outbreak, not that any President would ever nuke a US City, which was the premise in that film.

Or follow along the lines of The Omega Man, where a virus turns everyone into a zombie-like creature, with the last surviving human finally running out of luck.

There’s been quite a few doomsday scenario films, the most interesting one involving walking plants (The Day of the Triffids) but scary as they might be, what’s happening now is equally scary.

And the thing is, with the benefit of hindsight, the COVID pandemic was predicted, so it seems sci-fi writers, and screenwriters knew long before us what was going to happen.

So, what’s the next thing sci-fi writers have in store for us?

Time travel?

It’s been getting a lot of reports, and photographs of people in the 1930s or 1940’s supposedly with mobile phones in their hands.

Were they just ‘visiting’ or were they there to change the course of history.  It doesn’t seem like there have been any changes so maybe it’s just about interpretation.

How about travelling through portals, one minute you’re in Sydney, and the next you’re in New York, on the other side of the planet.  That would be good, but then we’d be upsetting the plane manufacturers, so if there was such technology, wouldn’t they buy it and shelve it?

It’s what the oil people did every time someone invented a car engine that ran on water.

What else is there that people with vested interests have shelved – a cure for cancer maybe?

I guess that’s why we have science fiction, and how some authors’ ideas become reality.  I’m guessing somewhere in a laboratory there is a spaceship with a warp engine capable of travelling at the speed of light.

And there might be colonies of humans living on the moon, or on Mars – we just don’t know about it yet.

Or that aliens from other worlds live on earth, or that a select group of people on earth have met people from other planets, not necessarily in this solar system, because we know there are livable planets out there.

But the thing is if they told us the truth, would we believe it?

An excerpt from “Strangers We’ve Become” – Coming Soon

I wandered back to my villa.

It was in darkness.  I was sure I had left several lights on, especially over the door so I could see to unlock it.

I looked up and saw the globe was broken.

Instant alert.

I went to the first hiding spot for the gun, and it wasn’t there.  I went to the backup and it wasn’t there either.  Someone had found my carefully hidden stash of weapons and removed them.

Who?

There were four hiding spots and all were empty.  Someone had removed the weapons.  That could only mean one possibility.

I had a visitor, not necessarily here for a social call.

But, of course, being the well-trained agent I’d once been and not one to be caught unawares, I crossed over to my neighbor and relieved him of a weapon that, if found, would require a lot of explaining.

Suitably armed, it was time to return the surprise.

There were three entrances to the villa, the front door, the back door, and a rather strange escape hatch.  One of the more interesting attractions of the villa I’d rented was its heritage.  It was built in the late 1700s, by a man who was, by all accounts, a thief.  It had a hidden underground room which had been in the past a vault but was now a wine cellar, and it had an escape hatch by which the man could come and go undetected, particularly if there was a mob outside the door baying for his blood.

It now gave me the means to enter the villa without my visitors being alerted, unless, of course, they were near the vicinity of the doorway inside the villa, but that possibility was unlikely.  It was not where anyone could anticipate or expect a doorway to be.

The secret entrance was at the rear of the villa behind a large copse, two camouflaged wooden doors built into the ground.  I move aside some of the branches that covered them and lifted one side.  After I’d discovered the doors and rusty hinges, I’d oiled and cleaned them, and cleared the passageway of cobwebs and fallen rocks.  It had a mildew smell, but nothing would get rid of that.  I’d left torches at either end so I could see.

I closed the door after me, and went quietly down the steps, enveloped in darkness till I switched on the torch.  I traversed the short passage which turned ninety degrees about halfway to the door at the other end.  I carried the key to this door on the keyring, found it and opened the door.  It too had been oiled and swung open soundlessly.

I stepped in the darkness and closed the door.

I was on the lower level under the kitchen, now the wine cellar, the ‘door’ doubling as a set of shelves which had very little on them, less to fall and alert anyone in the villa.

Silence, an eerie silence.

I took the steps up to the kitchen, stopping when my head was level with the floor, checking to see if anyone was waiting.  There wasn’t.  It seemed to me to be an unlikely spot for an ambush.

I’d already considered the possibility of someone coming after me, especially because it had been Bespalov I’d killed, and I was sure he had friends, all equally as mad as he was.  Equally, I’d also considered it nigh on impossible for anyone to find out it was me who killed him because the only people who knew that were Prendergast, Alisha, a few others in the Department, and Susan.

That raised the question of who told them where I was.

If I was the man I used to be, my first suspect would be Susan.  The departure this morning, and now this was too coincidental.  But I was not that man.

Or was I?

I reached the start of the passageway that led from the kitchen to the front door and peered into the semi-darkness.  My eyes had got used to the dark, and it was no longer an inky void.  Fragments of light leaked in around the door from outside and through the edge of the window curtains where they didn’t fit properly.  A bone of contention upstairs in the morning, when first light shone and invariably woke me up hours before I wanted to.

Still nothing.

I took a moment to consider how I would approach the visitor’s job.  I would get a plan of the villa in my head, all entrances, where a target could be led to or attacked where there would be no escape.

Coming in the front door.  If I was not expecting anything, I’d just open the door and walk-in.  One shot would be all that was required.

Contract complete.

I sidled quietly up the passage staying close to the wall, edging closer to the front door.  There was an alcove where the shooter could be waiting.  It was an ideal spot to wait.

Crunch.

I stepped on some nutshells.

Not my nutshells.

I felt it before I heard it.  The bullet with my name on it.

And how the shooter missed, from point-blank range, and hit me in the arm, I had no idea.  I fired off two shots before a second shot from the shooter went wide and hit the door with a loud thwack.

I saw a red dot wavering as it honed in on me and I fell to the floor, stretching out, looking up where the origin of the light was coming and pulled the trigger three times, evenly spaced, and a second later I heard the sound of a body falling down the stairs and stopping at the bottom, not very far from me.

Two assassins.

I’d not expected that.

The assassin by the door was dead, a lucky shot on my part.  The second was still breathing.

I checked the body for any weapons and found a second gun and two knives.  Armed to the teeth!

I pulled off the balaclava; a man, early thirties, definitely Italian.  I was expecting a Russian.

I slapped his face, waking him up.  Blood was leaking from several slashes on his face when his head had hit the stairs on the way down.  The awkward angle of his arms and legs told me there were broken bones, probably a lot worse internally.  He was not long for this earth.

“Who employed you?”

He looked at me with dead eyes, a pursed mouth, perhaps a smile.  “Not today my friend.  You have made a very bad enemy.”  He coughed and blood poured out of his mouth.  “There will be more …”

Friends of Bespalov, no doubt.

I would have to leave.  Two unexplainable bodies, I’d have a hard time explaining my way out of this mess.  I dragged the two bodies into the lounge, clearing the passageway just in case someone had heard anything.

Just in case anyone was outside at the time, I sat in the dark, at the foot of the stairs, and tried to breathe normally.  I was trying not to connect dots that led back to Susan, but the coincidence was worrying me.

A half-hour passed and I hadn’t moved.  Deep in thought, I’d forgotten about being shot, unaware that blood was running down my arm and dripping onto the floor.

Until I heard a knock on my front door.

Two thoughts, it was either the police, alerted by the neighbors, or it was the second wave, though why would they be knocking on the door?

I stood, and immediately felt a stabbing pain in my arm.  I took out a handkerchief and turned it into a makeshift tourniquet, then wrapped a kitchen towel around the wound.

If it was the police, this was going to be a difficult situation.  Holding the gun behind my back, I opened the door a fraction and looked out.

No police, just Maria.  I hoped she was not part of the next ‘wave’.

“You left your phone behind on the table.  I thought you might be looking for it.”  She held it out in front of her.

When I didn’t open the door any further, she looked at me quizzically, and then asked, “Is anything wrong?”

I was going to thank her for returning the phone, but I heard her breathe in sharply, and add, breathlessly, “You’re bleeding.”

I looked at my arm and realized it was visible through the door, and not only that, the towel was soaked in blood.

“You need to go away now.”

Should I tell her the truth?  It was probably too late, and if she was any sort of law-abiding citizen she would go straight to the police.

She showed no signs of leaving, just an unnerving curiosity.  “What happened?”

I ran through several explanations, but none seemed plausible.  I went with the truth.  “My past caught up with me.”

“You need someone to fix that before you pass out from blood loss.  It doesn’t look good.”

“I can fix it.  You need to leave.  It is not safe to be here with me.”

The pain in my arm was not getting any better, and the blood was starting to run down my arm again as the tourniquet loosened.  She was right, I needed it fixed sooner rather than later.

I opened the door and let her in.  It was a mistake, a huge mistake, and I would have to deal with the consequences.  Once inside, she turned on the light and saw the pool of blood just inside the door and the trail leading to the lounge.  She followed the trail and turned into the lounge, turned on the light, and no doubt saw the two dead men.

I expected her to scream.  She didn’t.

She gave me a good hard look, perhaps trying to see if I was dangerous.  Killing people wasn’t something you looked the other way about.  She would have to go to the police.

“What happened here?”

“I came home from the cafe and two men were waiting for me.  I used to work for the Government, but no longer.  I suspect these men were here to repay a debt.  I was lucky.”

“Not so much, looking at your arm.”

She came closer and inspected it.

“Sit down.”

She found another towel and wrapped it around the wound, retightening the tourniquet to stem the bleeding.

“Do you have medical supplies?”

I nodded.  “Upstairs.”  I had a medical kit, and on the road, I usually made my own running repairs.  Another old habit I hadn’t quite shaken off yet.

She went upstairs, rummaged, and then came back.  I wondered briefly what she would think of the unmade bed though I was not sure why it might interest her.

She helped me remove my shirt, and then cleaned the wound.  Fortunately, she didn’t have to remove a bullet.  It was a clean wound but it would require stitches.

When she’d finished she said, “Your friend said one day this might happen.”

No prizes for guessing who that friend was, and it didn’t please me that she had involved Maria.

“Alisha?”

“She didn’t tell me her name, but I think she cares a lot about you.  She said trouble has a way of finding you, gave me a phone and said to call her if something like this happened.”

“That was wrong of her to do that.”

“Perhaps, perhaps not.  Will you call her?”

“Yes.  I can’t stay here now.  You should go now.  Hopefully, by the time I leave in the morning, no one will ever know what happened here, especially you.”

She smiled.  “As you say, I was never here.”

…

© Charles Heath 2018-2022

strangerscover9

Top 5 sights on the road less travelled – Crete

Crete is a large island with many stunning locations that are far from the main tourist crowds. To help you on your road less travelled, here are five “next best” places and activities offering unique and authentic Cretan experiences.

1. Loutro: The Car-Free Seaside Village

Loutro is one of Crete’s most idyllic hidden gems, tucked away on the southwest coast. It is famously accessible only by boat or on foot, ensuring its protected, tranquil, and car-free atmosphere.

  • What makes it “Road Less Travelled”: The inability to drive directly to the village makes it a natural barrier to mass tourism. It feels like a remote, car-free island escape.
  • Activity: Relax on the small pebble beach, swim in the turquoise waters of the Libyan Sea, or use it as a base to hike to nearby coastal attractions.

2. Sarakina Gorge: The Hidden Canyon

While Samaria Gorge is famous and crowded, the Sarakina Gorge (sometimes called Sarantapichos Gorge) offers a shorter, equally stunning, and much less-trafficked hiking adventure in southeastern Crete, near the village of Mithi.

  • What makes it “Road Less Travelled”: It’s often overlooked by tourists heading to the larger, better-known gorges, offering a raw, untouched hiking experience.
  • Activity: Hike through the narrow canyon. Be prepared for a challenging trek that involves crossing the riverbed and may require wading through water in some sections, depending on the season.

3. Xerokampos: The Unspoilt Beaches of the East

Located on the far eastern coast of Crete, Xerokampos is a small, quiet settlement known for its collection of unspoilt, undeveloped beaches. The drive there is winding and remote, contributing to its solitude.

  • What makes it “Road Less Travelled”: Its remote location requires a dedicated drive on mountain roads, meaning few constructions and a distinct lack of crowds, even during high season.
  • Activity: Enjoy pristine sand and crystal-clear waters on a truly secluded beach day. The landscape is unique, with mountains dropping down to the sea.

4. The Abandoned Village of Aradaina: An Atmospheric Ghost Town

Near the Sfakia region in western Crete, the village of Aradaina was deserted in 1948 following a tragic family vendetta. Today, it stands as an atmospheric ghost town overlooking the dramatic Aradena Gorge.

  • What makes it “Road Less Travelled”: It is a haunting historical site, not a resort or commercial centre, offering a quiet, slightly eerie, and historically rich stop.
  • Activity: Stroll through the narrow paths and empty stone houses to experience the region’s complex history. You can access it via a long metal bridge that spans the canyon.

5. Agrotouristic Village of Vamos: Authentic Cultural Immersion

The traditional village of Vamos, 25km southeast of Chania, is a pioneer in eco-tourism. A collective of locals has committed to preserving its authentic character and offering traditional experiences.

  • What makes it “Road Less Travelled”: This is a chance to move beyond sightseeing and participate in the local, daily life of the island.
  • Activity: Stay in a preserved old mansion, take part in local activities like making bread in a wood-fired oven, picking olives, or learning to prepare raki, the local pomace brandy.

Another excerpt from ‘Betrayal’; a work in progress

…

My next destination in the quest was the hotel we believed Anne Merriweather had stayed at.

I was, in a sense, flying blind because we had no concrete evidence she had been there, and the message she had left behind didn’t quite name the hotel or where Vladimir was going to take her.

Mindful of the fact that someone might have been following me, I checked to see if the person I’d assumed had followed me to Elizabeth’s apartment was still in place, but I couldn’t see him. Next, I made a mental note of seven different candidates and committed them to memory.

Then I set off to the hotel, hailing a taxi. There was the possibility the cab driver was one of them, but perhaps I was slightly more paranoid than I should be. I’d been watching the queue, and there were two others before me.

The journey took about an hour, during which time I kept an eye out the back to see if anyone had been following us. If anyone was, I couldn’t see them.

I had the cab drop me off a block from the hotel and then spent the next hour doing a complete circuit of the block the hotel was on, checking the front and rear entrances, the cameras in place, and the siting of the driveway into the underground carpark. There was a camera over the entrance, and one we hadn’t checked for footage. I sent a text message to Fritz to look into it.

The hotel lobby was large and busy, which was exactly what you’d want if you wanted to come and go without standing out. It would be different later at night, but I could see her arriving about mid-afternoon, and anonymous among the type of clientele the hotel attracted.

I spent an hour sitting in various positions in the lobby simply observing. I had already ascertained where the elevator lobby for the rooms was, and the elevator down to the car park. Fortunately, it was not ‘guarded’ but there was a steady stream of concierge staff coming and going to the lower levels, and, just from time to time, guests.

Then, when there was a commotion at the front door, what seemed to be a collision of guests and free-wheeling bags, I saw one of the seven potential taggers sitting by the front door. Waiting for me to leave? Or were they wondering why I was spending so much time there?

Taking advantage of that confusion, I picked my moment to head for the elevators that went down to the car park, pressed the down button, and waited.

The was no car on the ground level, so I had to wait, watching, like several others, the guests untangling themselves at the entrance, and an eye on my potential surveillance, still absorbed in the confusion.

The doors to the left car opened, and a concierge stepped out, gave me a quick look, then headed back to his desk. I stepped into the car, pressed the first level down, the level I expected cars to arrive on, and waited what seemed like a long time for the doors to close.

As they did, I was expecting to see a hand poke through the gap, a latecomer. Nothing happened, and I put it down to a television moment.

There were three basement levels, and for a moment, I let my imagination run wild and considered the possibility that there were more levels. Of course, there was no indication on the control panel that there were any other floors, and I’d yet to see anything like it in reality.

With a shake of my head to return to reality, the car arrived, the doors opened, and I stepped out.

A car pulled up, and the driver stepped out, went around to the rear of his car, and pulled out a case. I half expected him to throw me the keys, but the instant glance he gave me told him was not the concierge, and instead brushed past me like I wasn’t there.

He bashed the up button several times impatiently and cursed when the doors didn’t open immediately. Not a happy man.

Another car drove past on its way down to a lower level.

I looked up and saw the CCTV camera, pointing towards the entrance, visible in the distance. A gate that lifted up was just about back in position and then made a clunk when it finally closed. The footage from the camera would not prove much, even if it had been working, because it didn’t cover the life lobby, only in the direction of the car entrance.

The doors to the other elevator car opened, and a man in a suit stepped out.

“Can I help you, sir? You seem lost.”

Security, or something else. “It seems that way. I went to the elevator lobby, got in, and it went down rather than up. I must have been in the wrong place.”

“Lost it is, then, sir.” I could hear the contempt for Americans in his tone. “If you will accompany me, please.”

He put out a hand ready to guide me back into the elevator. I was only too happy to oblige him. There had been a sign near the button panel that said the basement levels were only to be accessed by the guests.

Once inside, he turned a key and pressed the lobby button. The doors closed, and we went up. He stood, facing the door, not speaking. A few seconds later, he was ushering me out to the lobby.

“Now, sir, if you are a guest…”

“Actually, I’m looking for one. She called me and said she would be staying in this hotel and to come down and visit her. I was trying to get to the sixth floor.”

“Good. Let’s go over the the desk and see what we can do for you.”

I followed him over to the reception desk, where he signalled one of the clerks, a young woman who looked and acted very efficiently, and told her of my request, but then remained to oversee the proceeding.

“Name of guest, sir?”

“Merriweather, Anne. I’m her brother, Alexander.” I reached into my coat pocket and pulled out my passport to prove that I was who I said I was. She glanced cursorily at it.

She typed the name into the computer, and then we waited a few seconds while it considered what to output. Then, she said, “That lady is not in the hotel, sir.”

Time to put on my best-confused look. “But she said she would be staying here for the week. I made a special trip to come here to see her.”

Another puzzled look from the clerk, then, “When did she call you?”

An interesting question to ask, and it set off a warning bell in my head. I couldn’t say today, it would have to be the day she was supposedly taken.

“Last Saturday, about four in the afternoon.”

Another look at the screen, then, “It appears she checked out Sunday morning. I’m afraid you have made a trip in vain.”

Indeed, I had. “Was she staying with anyone?”

I just managed to see the warning pass from the suited man to the clerk. I thought he had shown an interest when I mentioned the name, and now I had confirmation. He knew something about her disappearance. The trouble was, he wasn’t going to volunteer any information because he was more than just hotel security.

“No.”

“Odd,” I muttered. “I thought she told me she was staying with a man named Vladimir something or other. I’m not too good at pronouncing those Russian names. Are you sure?”

She didn’t look back at the screen. “Yes.”

“OK, now one thing I do know about staying in hotels is that you are required to ask guests with foreign passports their next destination, just in case they need to be found. Did she say where she was going next?” It was a long shot, but I thought I’d ask.

“Moscow. As I understand it, she lives in Moscow. That was the only address she gave us.”

I smiled. “Thank you. I know where that is. I probably should have gone there first.”

She didn’t answer; she didn’t have to, her expression did that perfectly.

The suited man spoke again, looking at the clerk. “Thank you.” He swivelled back to me. “I’m sorry we can’t help you.”

“No. You have more than you can know.”

“What was your name again, sir, just in case you still cannot find her?”

“Alexander Merriweather. Her brother. And if she is still missing, I will be posting a very large reward. At the moment, you can best contact me via the American Embassy.”

Money is always a great motivator, and that thoughtful expression on his face suggested he gave a moment’s thought to it.

I left him with that offer and left. If anything, the people who were holding her would know she had a brother, that her brother was looking for her, and equally that brother had money.

…

© Charles Heath – 2018-2025

Writing a book in 365 days – 330

Day 330

Crafting Believable, Powerful Female Protagonists Without Alienating Your Readers

In recent years, the demand for strong, dynamic female protagonists has surged. Audiences are rejecting outdated, passive female characters and instead championing stories where women take the lead. But as writers, how do we create compelling, powerful female heroes without veering into caricature or alienating readers who crave authenticity and relatability? A powerful protagonist isn’t about being the “strongest,” “toughest,” or “most fearless” at all costs. It’s about building a character who feels real—flawed, complex, and driven by something deeper than a checklist of “strong traits.” Here’s how to strike that balance.

1. Power ≠ Perfection: Give Her Flaws

One of the biggest pitfalls in creating “strong” female characters is making them infallible. Perfection is unrelatable. A woman who never doubts herself, never stumbles, and never shows vulnerability is not powerful—she’s a robot.

Take Daenerys Targaryen (Game of Thrones) as an example. Her early portrayal as the “Mother of Dragons,” a noble, idealistic leader, made her relatable. Her later arc, while controversial, was memorable because it humanized her: her rage, her mistakes, and the consequences of her ambition made her a complex character, not just a “warrior queen.”

The lesson: Strength is not the absence of weakness. A powerful female protagonist should struggle with fears, insecurities, or ethical dilemmas. Let her fail. Let her grow. Imperfection makes her human.

2. Motivate Her Power: What Does She Want?

Why is she powerful? What drives her? A compelling protagonist doesn’t exist in a vacuum; her strengths and flaws should serve her goals and the story’s stakes.

Consider Hermione Granger (Harry Potter). Her intelligence is not just a trait—it’s the engine of her character. She’s driven by a love of learning, a desire to prove herself, and a fierce loyalty to her friends. Her “strength” is in how she uses her knowledge, not just in being “smarter than everyone else.”

The lesson: Give her a clear, grounded motivation. Whether it’s protecting her family, righting a wrong, or proving her worth, her power should be deeply tied to her emotional core.

3. Balance Strength With Relatability

A powerful protagonist doesn’t have to be a one-woman army. Her strength can be emotional, intellectual, or moral. It just needs to resonate with her world and the challenges she faces.

For instance, Eleanor Shellstrop (The Good Place) is powerful in her wit, resilience, and ability to connect with others—even when she’s flawed, selfish, or insecure. Her journey from self-centeredness to heroism is far more engaging than if she’d been written as a “perfect” woman from the start.

The lesson: Let her power reflect the story’s context. In a thriller, it might be resourcefulness under pressure. In a romance, it might be emotional honesty. In a fantasy, it might be leadership or magical skill.

4. Avoid the “Manhater” Trap

A powerful female character doesn’t need to prove her strength by rejecting or defying men. In fact, this trope often backfires, reducing her to a caricature of feminism. A character who is simply “angry at men” without deeper motivation is not empowering—she’s unappealing.

Take Pepper Potts (Iron Man) as a contrast. She’s a smart, capable leader who runs a global tech empire, but her relationship with Tony Stark isn’t a subplot about “dominating men” or “rejecting them.” She’s focused on her own growth and doing the right thing, which is far more compelling.

The lesson: Her relationships with other characters (including men) should serve the story, not act as a crutch for “her being strong.” Let her have autonomy and agency separate from gender dynamics.

5. Give Her a Unique Voice and Perspective

Powerful protagonists often have strong wills, but their personalities need to be distinctive and nuanced. A “strong” character isn’t just loud or bold—they might be quiet, observant, or introspective. Their voice should reflect who they are.

Consider Rey (Star Wars: The Force Awakens). Her strength isn’t just in wielding a lightsaber—it’s in her selflessness, perseverance, and quiet determination to do good in a galaxy full of chaos. Her journey resonates because it’s not about brute force, but about heart.

The lesson: Let her personality shine. Is she a strategic thinker, a passionate advocate, or a pragmatic problem-solver? Her voice should reflect this, making her memorable without being performative.

6. Context Matters: Tailor Her Power to the Setting

A powerful female protagonist should be shaped by her world. In a medieval fantasy, her strength might be in diplomacy or magic. In a modern workplace drama, it might be in negotiation or resilience under pressure.

Take Katsa (Graceling), whose physical strength is both a gift and a curse in a rigid, hierarchical society. Her power is tied to her culture’s values and prejudices, making her struggle universal.

The lesson: Research and build her power around her environment. How does her strength interact with the world’s rules, norms, and conflicts?

The Key to Universal Appeal: Depth Over Stereotype

A powerful female protagonist isn’t defined by how many obstacles she “overcomes” or how many people she outmaneuvers. It’s about how deeply readers connect with her humanity. Avoid reducing her to a symbol of “strength”; instead, make her a real person with relatable struggles, unique goals, and a voice that lingers long after the story ends.

By grounding her in authenticity, you’ll create a character who isn’t just “strong”—they’re unforgettable.

What makes a female protagonist memorable to you? Share your favourites in the comments!