Third son of a Duke – The research behind the story – 11

All stories require some form of research, quite often to place a character in a place at a particular time, especially if it is in a historical context. This series will take you through what it was like in 1914 through 1916.

The Geography of Stalemate: Tracing the Fixed Line of Attrition on the Western Front, 1914–1915

I. The Strategic Genesis of Stalemate: The Failure of the Schlieffen Plan

The stabilisation of the Western Front into a static line of trenches was not a foreseen event, but rather the direct consequence of the strategic collapse of Germany’s pre-war war plan, coupled with the overwhelming dominance of modern defensive firepower. The geographical extent of the initial German advance dictated the final position of the trenches that defined the conflict for nearly four years.

A. Pre-War Doctrine and the Crisis of August 1914

Prior to the outbreak of war in August 1914, German strategy was governed by the Schlieffen Plan, a design intended to ensure victory in a feared two-front war against both France and Russia.1 The core principle of this plan was speed: to deliver a massive, decisive blow against France by executing a vast enveloping attack through the neutral territories of Belgium and Luxembourg.3 The goal was to defeat the French military—which Schlieffen did not believe would necessarily adopt a defensive posture—within a matter of weeks, enabling German forces to then transfer their overwhelming strength eastward by rail to confront the supposedly slow-to-mobilise Russian Empire.1

The implementation of the plan, however, was marred by critical modifications made by Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke. The original concept, which required the main German army strength (the “scythe”) to sweep through Belgium, demanded maximum possible force on the right wing.3 Moltke, concerned about French defensive attempts in Alsace-Lorraine and facing an unexpectedly rapid Russian advance in the East, diverted a significant portion of the invasion force.2 Historical records indicate that 25% of the German force originally designated for the western offensive, amounting to 250,000 troops, were transferred or held back.2

This decision to weaken the crucial right wing effectively ensured the plan’s failure to achieve its strategic objectives. The plan’s rigid nature demanded precise execution and overwhelming superiority at the point of attack, conditions that Moltke’s modifications eliminated.1 While the German Army initially achieved success, sweeping through Belgium and pushing Allied forces back in a sequence of battles (known collectively as the Battle of the Frontiers), they ultimately lacked the necessary strength and strategic depth to complete the maneuver that would have encircled Paris.4 The final position of the resulting trench line would therefore become, in geographical terms, a map of the internal failure of German strategic command.

B. Technological Pressure and the Inevitability of Entrenchment

The initial mobile warfare, occurring from August through early September 1914, confirmed a critical reality that predated the Marne: a revolution in firepower had outpaced advances in mobility.6 Modern weapons, specifically rapid-firing artillery and massed machine guns, gave the defender a colossal advantage over attacking infantry formations exposed in the open.7 Eyewitness accounts from the fighting in late summer 1914 describe infantry in loose skirmishing lines exchanging volley fire, coupled with the necessity of immediately digging in to seek protection from harassing artillery.8

The shift to trench warfare was thus technologically mandated, not merely a tactical preference.6 The scale of casualty rates during the initial mobile phase demonstrated that offensive manoeuvre warfare, as traditionally conceived, was unsustainable. The great strategic failure of the German manoeuvre—the Schlieffen Plan—did not invent trench warfare; rather, it merely provided the definitive geographical location where the military necessity for widespread entrenchment was finally acted upon simultaneously by both armies. Once the massive initial armies ground to a halt, the combination of technological lethality and manpower density made the conversion to fixed positional warfare immediate and absolute.

II. The Stabilising Catalyst: The First Battle of the Marne

The decisive event that arrested the German advance and precipitated the immediate stabilisation of the Western Front was the First Battle of the Marne.

A. Location, Date, and Immediate Strategic Context

The pivotal conflict that ended the War of Movement was the First Battle of the Marne, fought from 5–14 September 1914.9 By this date, the massive German right wing had advanced deep into France, approaching the outskirts of Paris.5 The primary engagement took place near the Marne River near Brasles, east of Paris, France.9 The German armies were positioned within approximately 30 miles (48 km) of the French capital.11

The Allied counterattack was launched by the French Army, commanded by General Joseph Joffre, and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF).9 A critical moment arose when French command, notably General Joseph Gallieni, recognized and exploited a widening gap that appeared between the German 1st and 2nd Armies.5 This gap exposed the German flanks to attack, threatening to unravel the entire northern invasion force. The strategic urgency was famously underscored by the rapid deployment of French troops from Paris, including approximately 3,000 men from the Seventh Army transported by requisitioned Parisian taxicabs, reinforcing the Sixth Army on the night of September 7.13

B. The Termination of Mobile Warfare

The First Battle of the Marne concluded as a major Entente victory.9 It successfully forced the Germans to abandon their strategic goals and immediately retreat, thereby preserving French sovereignty and thwarting the German plan for a quick, total victory on the Western Front.10 The German command structure faltered during this crisis; Helmuth von Moltke, deemed to have lost his nerve, was relieved of command on September 14.10

The German retreat concluded north of the Aisne River.13 It was here, upon halting their withdrawal, that the Germans immediately “dug in, constructing trenches” to establish a cohesive defensive line against the pursuing Franco-British forces.13 This defensive action at the Aisne River valley marks the functional beginning of the static front. While the Marne is the strategic turning point that compelled the retreat, the subsequent Battle of the Aisne represents the point where both sides realised they could neither flank nor defeat the opponent in open manoeuvre, cementing the necessity for fixed positional defences.13 The stabilisation, therefore, was not merely a momentary pause but a deliberate strategic shift, guaranteeing a protracted war of attrition.

Table 1: Key Battle Defining the Western Front Stabilisation

Battle NameDate RangePrimary LocationStrategic OutcomeInitiation of Stabilization
First Battle of the Marne5–14 September 1914Marne River near Brasles, east of Paris, FranceEntente victory; German strategic retreatHalted the deep German invasion; forced permanent entrenchment north of the Aisne River 9

III. The Finalisation of the Line: The Race to the Sea

Following the German retreat to the Aisne, the armies attempted to manoeuvre around each other’s flanks in a final desperate attempt to regain mobility. This process, known as the “Race to the Sea,” ultimately extended the trench line to the coast and completed the static nature of the Western Front.

A. The Quest for the Flank and the Northern Anchor

The Race to the Sea (French: Course à la mer) occurred between 17 September and 19 October 1914.15 As the German and Allied forces became fixed along the Aisne, both sides sought to swing their northern armies around the opponent’s exposed flank. This involved a sequence of northward extensions, resulting in indecisive encounter battles across Artois and Flanders.15

The “Race” concluded only when the opposing forces encountered the North Sea, the ultimate geographical barrier.5 The northernmost terminus of the resulting continuous front was established near the Belgian coast at Nieuwpoort.12 This region was held by the remnants of the Belgian Army, which controlled the Yser Front along the Yser River and Ieperlee, maintaining a small sliver of unoccupied West Flanders.5

B. The Crucible of Flanders: Yser and Ypres

The final, bloody clashes that confirmed the line’s stability occurred in Flanders. The extension of the front culminated in the Battle of the Yser (16 October – 2 November) and the First Battle of Ypres (19 October – 22 November 1914).15

The First Battle of Ypres, centred on the ancient city of Ypres (Ieper), saw intense, mutually costly fighting.17 The Germans failed to achieve their objective of capturing the vital coastal areas and ports. By 22 November 1914, the German drive had been permanently halted, resulting in the formation of the Ypres Salient.17 This massive bulge in the Allied line, curving around Ypres itself, was established because German troops secured the strategically crucial higher ground to the east of the city.19 The Ypres Salient, a tactically vulnerable yet strategically essential position, became the site of relentless attrition for the duration of the war.20

The conclusion of the First Battle of Ypres confirmed the permanence of the stalemate. Both sides, realising that no decisive flanking maneuver was possible and faced with the reality of defensive firepower superiority, committed fully to the construction of elaborate trench systems.6 The stabilisation was thus a near-instantaneous military adjustment, enforced by the lethal technology of the era, finalising the 700 km static line.

IV. The Geographical Line of Attrition (Late 1914–1915)

The fixed trench line established by the end of 1914 ran an approximate distance of 440 miles (700 km) 12 (or 400-plus miles 21). It was a meandering, fortified boundary that stretched from the Belgian coast to the Swiss border, and its contours profoundly shaped the ensuing years of the conflict. The line remained remarkably static, shifting no more than 50 miles (80 km) from its position until the German Spring Offensives of March 1918.5

A. Macro-Geography: Dimensions and Economic Context

The trench system was geographically anchored between the North Sea coast at Nieuwpoort in Belgium and the Swiss frontier near the Alsatian village of Pfetterhouse.5 The territory occupied by Germany, contained by this line, was strategically vital to France’s war effort, a fact that mandated the German commitment to its defence.5 This occupied area included:

  • 64 percent of French pig-iron production.
  • 24 percent of its steel manufacturing.
  • 40 percent of the coal industry.5

The economic demarcation created by the line guaranteed that the struggle would be one of attrition, as the Allies could not afford to leave such vital resources in German hands, while the Germans were equally determined to hold these industrial prizes to fuel their own war machine.

B. Sector Breakdown: The Trace of the Line

From north to south, the trench line incorporated key geographical features, cities, and strategic bulges:

1. Coastal Flanders and the Ypres Salient (Belgium)

The line began at the North Sea, where the Belgian Army held the Yser Front near Nieuwpoort.5 Moving south, the line immediately encountered the Ypres Salient near the city of Ypres (Ieper).19 This vulnerable bulge, created by the German success in holding the higher ground to the east, became the responsibility primarily of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF).5

2. Artois and Picardy (Northern France)

South of the Belgian sector, the line entered France, crossing the Artois region and running through Picardy. This section formed the northern shoulder of the most significant westward geographical feature of the entire front. Key areas included the battlefields around Arras and the region of Loos.22

3. The Noyon Salient (Oise-Aisne Region)

The central feature of the Western Front’s geography in late 1914 and 1915 was the Noyon Salient. This was the deep westward bulge in the trench line, named after the French town of Noyon, situated near the maximum penetration point of the German advance close to Compiègne.5 This salient was a direct geographical expression of the failure to execute the final swing of the Schlieffen Plan. The line ran just north of the Aisne River, where the initial post-Marne entrenchment had occurred.12 The existence of the Noyon Salient became the primary determinant of French strategy for 1915, as military leaders focused on attacking its vulnerable northern and southern flanks in an attempt to pinch off the bulge and force a breakthrough.24

4. Champagne, Lorraine, and Alsace (Eastern France)

South of the Noyon Salient, the front line ran eastward through the Champagne region, near the Argonne Forest.24 The French military engaged in the First Battle of Champagne in late 1914 and early 1915, targeting the salient’s southern flank.24

Further south, the line passed near the great fortress city of Verdun 21 and then ran along the old Franco-German borderlands of Lorraine and Alsace.12 This southern sector was characterised by greater stability due to the historical continuity of fortified defences in Eastern France, which included strongholds like Toul and Belfort, designed centuries earlier by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban.21 This entrenched southern sector had already been the site of French offensive failures in August 1914 (e.g., the Battle of Lorraine) 26, and it remained relatively static until the final terminus near Pfetterhouse on the Swiss border.12

Table 2: Geographical Trace of the Western Front Trench Line (Late 1914–1915)

Sector (North to South)Country / RegionKey Geographical Features/Cities on the LineStrategic Feature / Salient
Coastal FlandersBelgiumNieuwpoort, Yser RiverNorthern Terminus, Yser Front 5
West FlandersBelgium / FranceYpres (Ieper)Ypres Salient 17
Artois and PicardyFranceArras, Loos, Aisne RiverNorthern Shoulder of the Noyon Salient 5
Oise-Aisne RegionFranceNoyon, CompiègneThe Noyon Salient (Maximum point of German penetration) 5
Champagne and ArgonneFranceReims, Argonne Forest, VerdunSouthern Shoulder of the Salient 24
Lorraine and AlsaceFranceToul, Belfort, Pfetterhouse (near Swiss Border)Southern Terminus 12

V. The Confirmation of Stalemate: Trench Battles of 1915

Despite the establishment of a continuous front line, Allied commanders, particularly General Joffre, refused to accept the finality of the stalemate. They believed that a massive concentrated offensive could still achieve a percée (breakthrough) at weak points, leading to a return to mobile warfare.24 The ensuing battles of 1915, however, served only to confirm, at immense human cost, that the geographical line established in 1914 was unbreakable given the prevailing military technology and defensive engineering.

A. The Persistence of Failed Offensives

The French initiated large-scale offensives aimed at the shoulders of the Noyon Salient. The First Battle of Champagne, fought from 20 December 1914 to 17 March 1915, was directed against the German defensive positions between Reims and the Argonne Forest.24 This engagement cost the French Fourth Army over 93,000 casualties, while the Germans sustained approximately 46,000 losses.25 Despite this massive expenditure of resources and lives, the battle was inconclusive, failing to achieve any strategic rupture of the German defences 24

The British and French launched additional attempts in the Artois region, near the northern shoulder of the salient. British efforts, such as the Battle of Neuve Chapelle and the subsequent operations at Festubert in March and May 1915, demonstrated that even local numerical superiority (often three-to-one in men and artillery) could gain only minimal ground.23 Although defenders often gave ground, they were rarely broken and could usually retake lost positions, resulting in catastrophic losses for the attackers.23

B. German Innovation and Acceptance of the Static Line

The German High Command, having accepted the failure of the Schlieffen Plan and recognising the defensive advantage offered by the 1914 line (especially holding the occupied French industrial heartland) 5, adopted a defensive posture on the Western Front for most of 1915. Their single major offensive was the Second Battle of Ypres (April 22–May 25, 1915).28

This battle marked a horrifying tactical innovation: the first large-scale deployment of chlorine poison gas.29 The initial gas attack opened a four-mile-wide breach in the Allied line, causing French and Algerian troops to abandon their positions due to the shock and effects of the new weapon.28 Although the gas created the breakthrough scenario that Allied commanders had desperately sought throughout 1915, the German command had conceived the attack primarily as a strategic diversion to cover the movement of troops toward the Eastern Front for the Gorlice-Tarnow Offensive.30 Consequently, the Germans had no substantial forces ready to exploit the breach.21

The result was a minor territorial gain that came at the cost of tens of thousands of casualties.21 The failure of the Germans to capitalise on their own tactical success confirms their strategic prioritisation: the Western Front was regarded as a protective shield, designed to minimise manpower usage while the Central Powers sought a decisive victory in the East.31

The conclusive outcome of the 1915 battles was twofold: first, they demonstrated that the fixed geographical line could not be broken by existing offensive means; and second, they accelerated the evolution of entrenchment from simple, rapidly dug positions (which often suffered from flooding and destruction) 23 into elaborate, permanent defensive systems featuring deep dugouts, fortified positions, and complex barbed wire arrays.6 This defensive maturation transformed the conflict into an engineering war, locking the armies further into the geography defined in late 1914. This reality ultimately led to the construction of massive fallback positions, such as the Hindenburg Line, which the Germans built behind the Noyon Salient in 1917 to further rationalize their defensive posture.21

VI. Conclusion

The geographical line that defined the start of trench warfare on the Western Front in 1914 and 1915 was the result of the immediate technological lethality of modern warfare meeting the strategic failure of the German manoeuvre.

The First Battle of the Marne (5–14 September 1914), fought near the Marne River east of Paris, served as the primary catalyst that arrested the deep German invasion and led to the stabilisation of the front. The German retreat was halted and entrenched along the Aisne River.

The subsequent “Race to the Sea” extended this initial entrenchment, culminating in the First Battle of Ypres (19 October – 22 November 1914), which anchored the line at the North Sea coast near Nieuwpoort and established the Ypres Salient in Belgium.

The resulting fixed line, stretching approximately 700 km to the Swiss border near Pfetterhouse, traversed key regions and features: the Yser Front, the Ypres Salient, the Allied-held sectors near Arras, the prominent German-held Noyon Salient (near Compiègne), and the established fortresses of Lorraine and Alsace. This geographical boundary, which enclosed critical French industrial assets, became a fixed feature of the war. The costly and strategically inconclusive trench battles of 1915 served only to confirm the permanence of this fixed geographical line, ensuring that the conflict would be a long, devastating war of technological and human attrition.

“I was minding my own business when…”, a short story

What do you say, when everything that could be had been said, and then some.

What did marriage counselors know, other than they are right, and you are wrong?

I don’t think either of us, with the same belief, could be wrong.  The marriage was over, and there was no use prolonging the agony.

Except we had to try to at least put some of the pieces back together, if only for the sake of walking away with a sense of closure and peace.

But, peace was the last thing in the atmosphere inside the car, and it had been like that since leaving Vancouver.

There had been a momentary truce in Kamloops where we had to stay, in separate rooms, and polite conversation over breakfast, until I put my foot in my mouth.

Again.

I’m not sure if I knew what to say to her anymore.  To her, everything I said was laced with an agenda or a subliminal plot.  I got it, I’d lied to her once too often, and once she proved one right, and, from there, it didn’t take long for the whole charade to unravel.

I’d been advised against marrying her, that I would not be able to do my job and have some sort of life with Eloise, but I wanted it.

And, fifteen months down the track, my employers had been proved right.
Eloise was driving.  Her parents lived in Banff, and we had made the trip in all of the four seasons, and now winter, she was more used to the icy conditions than I.

It gave me a chance to look at her from my side of the mid-sized SUV.  We were going to take her car, a rather small sedan, but it had broken down, so I hired a Ford Flex.

If you’re going to take on the elements, I wanted a car that could handle the conditions.

In that, I think I’d managed to surprise her, and not in a bad way.

For the first time in a long time.

Then, of course, she had to look sideways, and that ruined it.  The frown followed by the pursed lips.  Something caustic was about to come my way.

Except a very loud bang took us both by surprise, and skewing the car sideways, catching the edge of the ice on the road, and we started spinning.

As good as she was, there would be no containing this calamity.

I looked behind to see what the hell had hit us.

An F350 or RAM 2500, definitely larger than us, definitely deliberate, and definitely with intent to hurt us.

Or me.

My work had finally come home.

There was a scream just on the edge of her terror as the car had spun sideways and the car behind us slammed into it us again, arresting the spin and pushing us towards the edge of the road.

I could see what the pursuer’s intent was.  Down the side, a roll if possible, then pick off the survivors as they scrambled from the wreckage.

Or not have to worry, the roll may do the job for them.
We hit the edge as the other car braked, and we continued on, that stifled scream from Eloise now erupting.

She could see what was going to happen, just as our car tipped.

Six seconds.

Seat belt or not, totally unprepared for what was about to happen, she was not going to walk away from this.

Unless I did something about it.

Seatbelt unhitched I dragged her to me and protected her as best I could.  She didn’t resist, but the look in her eyes, terror laced with something else, no time to think about it now, told me she would do whatever I wanted.

Over on the roof, upside down, I prayed it stayed there, and slide,  The ice, snow, and slush was going to help.

Seconds passed, taking what seemed forever, till we reached the bottom of the hill and hit a rock, arresting the movement with a loud bang and a crunch of bending metal.

Stopped.

Engine still running.

No movement from her.  Yet.

And relief.  No bones were broken, or none that I noticed.

Under me, she stirred.

Just as a bullet smashed the rear passenger window, and the shattered glass splattered the interior.  A moment later, the side window, above my head did the same.
I lifted myself, whispering in her ear, “Slide towards the front window.”  It was buried in the snow and dirt kicked up in the final run to the bottom.  The shooter would not be able to see it, or her.

Above me, I reached up to feel under the seat and found the package.

A gun.  Always be prepared.

Ten seconds since the last shot.  From up top, the shooter would not be able to see us, or any movement.  He was going to have to come down and finish the job.

And hope we were would not be able to fight back.

That was the purpose of running us off the road.

Pity then that he had not been given my file.  If he had he would have driven off and tried again later.

That he was halfway down the hill when I saw him told me this operation had been cobbled together quickly, with no time to find a professional.

And now I knew why Barnes had told me to be careful.

A lone wolf looking to make a name for himself.

And failing.
Ten minutes, the police arrived.

Long enough to bury the body and the weapons under a lot of snow, in a ravine that no one would discover until the thaw.

The car that rammed us had gone.  Soon as he saw his partner go down, he left.  A wise man, he had stayed at the top of the hill, having more sense than his friend.

Live to fight another day,

The policeman asked the questions, and Eloise answered.  Not one mention of being rammed, run off the road, being shot at, or that there was anyone else involved.

As cool as a cucumber.

It took her a minute after I shot our attacker to ask the questions I’d expected a week ago when she finally discovered my other life, prefaced by, “No more lies, just tell me the truth.  What the hell is it you do for a living?”

“Make the world safe for people like you, and in my case right now, for you in particular.  Sorry, I was sworn to secrecy.”

“Even from your wife?”

“Especially from you.  You now know why.”

“Bit late for that now, do you think?”

“Just a little.”

And then I saw the look, the one I had fallen in love with 15 months ago.  The one that made my heart miss a few beats.

“You do realize you are the biggest idiot on the planet, don’t you?”

“Does this mean I can stay?”

She punched me on the arm.,  OK, no broken bones, but there was going to be bruising, major bruising.

“If you promise to tell me only the truth from now on.”

What harm could it do?  She knew enough.

“Good.  We should probably do something with that man out there.  I’m assuming the police do not take too kindly to you working in their jurisdiction.”

Too many thrillers, too much TV, or an educated guess, she was right.  This would be impossible to explain, and Barnes was already angry at me.

I held out my hand and she took it as I helped her out of the wreckage.  Out in the fresh, cold air, she took in a huge breath and let out a slow sigh.

“Is it always this exciting?”

“This is the Sunday in the park stroll.  Wait till you have a hand held rocket boring down on you.”

 

© Charles Heath 2019-2020

The 2am Rant: Is there a reason to get out of bed?

I sometimes wonder if there is.

Is that depression speaking, or am I just tired from all the late nights?

Unlike most writers, authors and bloggers I don’t have a day job.  You could say it’s one of the benefits of getting old, this retirement thing, but after a while, not having a reason to get out of bed starts working on your subconscious.

The idea of having a job, and going to work, is a good reason to drag yourself out of bed every morning.  And because of this, the idea of sleeping in takes on a whole new meaning.

You know, I’ll just lie here for a few more minutes, and then I’ll get up.  Having turned off the alarm, the eyelids flutter, and before you know it, half an hour had passed, and you wake up in fright, knowing you’re going to be late.

In retirement, that doesn’t happen.  There is no alarm, there is no guilty pleasure in spending those extra minutes in bed.

Of course, this tardiness, or lack of desire could be because I find I do my best writing in the dead of night, often not getting to bed before 2 a.m.   Last night it was a little later because of a story I’m working on came to life with a new idea.

It had been stagnating because it’s part two and whilst I had an idea about where it was going to go, in the end, we’re off in a different direction, and the words flowed.  You just don’t stop writing when you hit a vein.

But this isn’t always the case.  This morning I have an excuse to stay in bed, but most others I don’t.

Perhaps I should find something else to do, something that will give me that same reason I used to have to get up every morning.

Or maybe I should be more organized in my retirement life, you know, set a schedule and do things according to a timetable.  I was never one for being organized, but perhaps it’s time to start.

Just let me lie here for a few more minutes and think about that.

Research for the writing of a thriller – 2

Background material used in creating a location, an explosive situation, and characters to bring it alive – the story – A Score to Settle

The world-weary agent – back for one more time

The Wreckage of Recovery: He’s Back in the Cold, Guarding His Past

In the world of espionage, the only way out is usually in a box. So when a veteran operative manages to survive a mission so catastrophic it nearly took his life, the recovery phase is supposed to be quiet. Long days of physical therapy, sterile white walls, and the slow, agonizing work of stitching a broken mind back together.

But sometimes, the world doesn’t care if you’re healed. Sometimes, the world demands you step back into the fire—especially when the flames are being deliberately fanned by the one person you were trying to forget.

We have a fascinating, terrifying scenario playing out on the global stage, and it centers on a man who desperately needed to stay out of the game, and a woman who refuses to follow advice.


From Scar Tissue to Suit: The Return of the World-Weary

Our protagonist—let’s call him ‘K’—was, until recently, a ghost. His last operation ended in failure, betrayal, and enough collateral damage to earn him a permanent benching. The physical scars have faded, but the echoes of that op—the one that ended in wreckage, not resolution—still ring in his ears. He is a man who knows the cold, bitter taste of failure, and he has spent his recovery time convincing himself he is done with the risk.

But the powers that be, desperate for a protector whose instincts are razor sharp, regardless of his mental state, have dragged him screaming back. His new assignment? Chief Protection Agent for one of the most famous, and most controversial, keynote speakers in the world.

And this is where the wires cross, the circuits fry, and the danger moves from external threat to emotional time bomb.

The Tinder Box and the Stubborn Star

The VIP—the keynote speaker—is currently a primary target. Her message is polarizing, her reach is global, and the threats against her security detail are mounting daily. Intelligence reports have advised strongly against her appearance at the upcoming summit. The venue is being called a tinder box; a complex security nightmare ripe for exploitation.

Yet, she ignores the warnings. She is charismatic, driven, and possesses an almost reckless belief in her own invulnerability. She will step onto that stage, no matter how many alarms are sounding.

And K is the man standing between her and whatever unseen forces are gathering in the shadows.

The History That Threatens the Present

The problem isn’t just the professional risk, the complex logistics, or the very real possibility of a sniper. The problem is the history K shares with the speaker.

Their connection is not just a footnote on a long-forgotten mission brief. It’s the kind of history that makes his hands shake when he reaches for his weapon; the kind of history that compromises judgment and muddies the tactical waters.

Was it a failed romance tangled up in a field investigation? A partnership that blew up under pressure? Whatever the specifics, the remnants of their intense, complicated past linger. For K, guarding her isn’t just a job; it’s a terrifying confrontation with a vulnerability he thought he had successfully buried beneath layers of medical gauze and psychological denial.

Can he protect a woman he once loved, or perhaps still feels deeply connected to, knowing that his last major emotional involvement ended in devastation?

He has been brought in because he is the best. But when the target is also the source of your deepest emotional baggage, being the best is rarely enough. The line between professional duty and catastrophic personal collapse is thinner than ever.

Disaster in the Offing?

K is walking into a situation where the external threat is immense, but the internal threat—his own broken concentration, his lingering guilt, the complicated chemistry between him and the VIP—is arguably far greater.

He knows better than anyone that when personal history is allowed to bleed onto the professional landscape, disaster is almost always the result. He is physically recovered, yes, but mentally? He is still standing precariously amidst the wreckage of his last mission.

The big question hanging over this high-stakes security detail isn’t if the enemy will strike, but rather: Will K be the protector who saves her life, or will his own complicated history with the woman he is guarding be the catalyst for yet another, final, devastating failure?

The clock is ticking. And in this tinder box, the past is about to light the fuse.

Top 5 sights on the road less travelled – Sicily

That’s an excellent choice! While the major sites like Taormina and the Valley of the Temples are stunning, Sicily’s true soul often lies in its quieter villages, ancient ruins, and dramatic nature reserves.

Here are five places or activities to explore on the road less travelled in Sicily:

1. Cycle and Swim the Egadi Islands (Favignana/Levanzo)

  • What it is: A small archipelago off the western coast near Trapani. Favignana is the largest and most accessible, and Levanzo is even smaller and more remote.
  • Why it’s less travelled: While popular with Italian vacationers, they remain largely car-free (especially Levanzo), promoting a slow, relaxed pace of travel that’s rare on the mainland.
  • Activity: Rent a bicycle upon arriving at Favignana’s port and spend the day cycling to the gorgeous turquoise coves like Cala Rossa and Cala Azzurra. On Levanzo, you can hike to the prehistoric Grotta del Genovese cave, featuring ancient Paleolithic rock carvings.

2. Explore the Labyrinthine Town of Erice

  • What it is: A beautifully preserved medieval hilltop town perched 750 meters above sea level, overlooking the city of Trapani and the western coast.
  • Why it’s less travelled: Many tourists bypass it for coastal towns. It’s famous for its atmospheric, narrow, cobbled streets and the frequent, dramatic mist that engulfs the town, making it feel completely isolated and otherworldly.
  • Activity: Wander the maze-like stone streets, visit the Norman Castello di Venere (Castle of Venus) built on the site of an ancient temple, and taste the famous local almond pastries from the historic Pasticceria Maria Grammatico.

3. Hike or Canyon the Gole dell’Alcantara

  • What it is: A spectacular series of gorges and canyons carved by the cold Alcantara River, located on the northern slopes of Mount Etna. The walls are made of dark, columnar basalt lava rock.
  • Why it’s less travelled: This is a nature and adventure destination that requires active participation, pulling visitors away from the historic towns.
  • Activity: Walk along the floor of the icy river (wetsuits/boots are highly recommended in the cooler months and often available for rent) or descend into the gorge for a dramatic, up-close view of the unique vertical lava formations.

4. Visit the Carved Cave Village of Sperlinga

  • What it is: A truly remote medieval village in the mountainous heart of Sicily, dominated by a Norman castle carved directly into the rock. The town’s name, Sperlinga, comes from the Greek word for “cave.”
  • Why it’s less travelled: Located deep in the rugged Sicilian interior, it is far from major tourist routes. It offers an incredible look at ancient rural life.
  • Activity: Explore the castle with its massive staircase carved from a single piece of rock, and wander through the small network of ancient cave dwellings (grottos) below the main structure that once housed the peasant community.

5. Discover the Hidden Baroque of Scicli

  • What it is: One of the spectacular Baroque towns of the Val di Noto (a UNESCO area), but significantly quieter and less visited than its neighbours, Noto and Ragusa Ibla.
  • Why it’s less travelled: It feels genuinely lived-in and has fewer large hotels, offering a relaxed and authentic glimpse of Sicilian life. It’s built into the cliffs of a canyon, giving it a unique layered appearance.
  • Activity: Stroll the main street, Via Francesco Mormino Penna, admire the honey-colored Baroque palaces and churches, and climb the hill to the top of San Matteo for a panoramic view of the town nestled in the valley.

What I learned about writing – It’s one of those days

You know, the sort of day where you have the best of intentions, you get up ready to start attacking the agenda you’ve told yourself you’re finally going to sit down and get on with.

The same set of words you’ve been using to fire up the enthusiasm you really don’t feel much of the time, but this time, have worked yourself into a high degree of positivity just before going to bed.

Everything is set up. All you have to do is bound out of bed, bright-eyed and bushy-tailed, ready to go.

That was the first mistake. You went to be very late, around 2 am, and when you woke up, it feels like death warmed up. No bright eyes, and definitely no bushy tail.

But, there’s work to be done.

Before that, there’s other stuff, and as each succeeding chore is down, the less enthusiasm feels. I have to clean up the dining room, which, at the moment, is the go-to for all the tools, paint, tile glue, tiles, and everything that’s being used in the latest round of renovations.

Frankly, the room is a mess. I can move a lot of the tools out to the shed now that I’ve finished with them, and the rest, a few pain brushes and the tiling equipment, we be used over the next week.

An hour and a half later, the room is now clean.

I go out to the writing room and look at the list. Good thing I’d didn’t put a time against anything, because if I have, I was now looking at being at least four hours behind.

A phone call made that timeline worse. People always call when you don’t need any calls to distract you. It’s one of the reasons why I have seriously considered getting the landline cut off. And if it wasn’t for the grandchildren, who know they can call on that line, with a number that’s easier to remember than a mobile, I would.

But that of course leaves me open to the half dozen scam calls a day, trying to sell cladding, and solar panels, defend myself from a car crash that I never had, fend off illicit charges from Telcos, and now Amazon. Not forgetting my friend from the NBN who rings once, sometimes twice a day telling me my internet is about to be cut off.

To be honest, I wish they would, but as much as I tell them to cut it off they never do, perhaps knowing that if they do, they can’t scam call me anymore.

By the time I get back to my office, it’s time for a cup of tea.

Or something stronger.

The morning has gone, and the afternoon is half over, and all I’ve done is look at the list.

And since blog posts are on the list, this is why I’m writing this whinge.

How is your day going? I hope it’s better than mine.

An excerpt from “Amnesia”, a work in progress

I remembered a bang.

I remembered the car slewing sideways.

I remember another bang, and then it was lights out.

When I opened my eyes again, I saw the sky.

Or I could be underwater.

Everything was blurred.

I tried to focus but I couldn’t. My eyes were full of water.

What happened?

Why was I lying down?

Where was I?

I cast my mind back, trying to remember.

It was a blank.

What, when, who, why and where, are questions I should easily be able to answer. These are questions any normal person could answer.

I tried to move. Bad, bad mistake.

I did not realise the scream I heard was my own. Just before my body shut down.

“My God! What happened?”

I could hear, not see. I was moving, lying down, looking up.

I was blind. Everything was black.

“Car accident; hit a tree, sent the passenger flying through the windscreen. Pity to poor bastard didn’t get the message that seat belts save lives.”

Was I that poor bastard?

“Report?” A new voice, male, authoritative.

“Multiple lacerations, broken collar bone, broken arm in three places, both legs broken below the knees, one badly. We are not sure of internal injuries, but ruptured spleen, cracked ribs and pierced right lung are fairly evident, x-rays will confirm that and anything else.”

“What isn’t broken?”

“His neck.”

“Then I would have to say we are looking at the luckiest man on the planet.”

I heard the shuffling of pages.

“OR1 ready?”

“Yes. On standby since we were first advised.”

“Good. Let’s see if we can weave some magic.”

Magic.

It was the first word that popped into my head when I surfaced from the bottom of the lake. That first breath, after holding it for so long, was sublime, and, in reality, agonising.

Magic, because it seemed like I’d spent a long time underwater.

Or somewhere.

I tried to speak but couldn’t. The words were just in my head.

Was it night or was it day?

Was it hot, or was it cold?

Where was I?

Around me, it felt cool.

It was incredibly quiet. No noise except for the hissing of air through an air-conditioning vent. Or that was the sound of pure silence.  And with it the revelation that silence was not silent. It was noisy.

I didn’t try to move.

Instinctively, somehow, I knew not to.

A previous unpleasant experience?

I heard what sounded like a door opening, and noticeably quiet footsteps slowly came into the room. They stopped. I could hear breathing, slightly laboured, a sound I’d heard before.

My grandfather.

He had smoked all his life until he was diagnosed with lung cancer. But for years before that he had emphysema. The person in the room was on their way, down the same path. I could smell the smoke.

I wanted to tell whoever it was the hazards of smoking.

I couldn’t.

I heard a metallic clanging sound from the end of the bed. A moment later the clicking of a pen, then writing.

“You are in a hospital.” A female voice suddenly said. “You’ve been in a bad accident. You cannot talk, or move, all you can do, for the moment, is listen to me. I am a nurse. You have been here for 45 days and just came out of a medically induced coma. There is nothing to be afraid of.”

She had a very soothing voice.

Her fingers stroked the back of my hand.

“Everything is fine.”

Define fine, I thought. I wanted to ask her what ‘fine’ meant.

“Just count backwards from 10.”

Why?

I didn’t reach seven.

Over the next ten days, that voice became my lifeline to sanity. Every morning, I longed to hear it, if only for the few moments she was in the room, those few waking moments when I believed she, and someone else who never spoke, were doing tests. I knew it had to be someone else because I could smell the essence of lavender. My grandmother had worn a similar scent.

It rose above the disinfectant.

She was another doctor, not the one who had been there the day I arrived. Not the one who had used some ‘magic’ and kept me alive.

It was then, in those moments before she put me under again, that I thought, what if I was paralysed? It would explain a lot. A chill went through me.

The next morning, she was back.

“My name is Winifred. We don’t know what your name is, not yet. In a few days, you will be better, and you will be able to ask us questions. You were in an accident, and you were very severely injured, but I can assure you there will be no lasting damage.”

More tests, and then when I expected the lights to go out, they didn’t. Not for a few minutes more. This was how I would be integrated back into the world. A little bit at a time.

The next morning, she came later than usual, and I’d been awake for a few minutes. “You have bandages over your eyes and face. You had bad lacerations to your face, and glass in your eyes. We will know more when the bandages come off in a few days. Your face will take longer to heal. It was necessary to do some plastic surgery.”

Lacerations, glass in my eyes, car accidents, plastic surgery. By logical deduction, I knew I was the poor bastard thrown through the windscreen. It was a fleeting memory from the day I was admitted.

How could that happen?

That was the first of many startling revelations. The second was the fact I could not remember the crash. Equally shocking, in that same moment was the fact I could not remember before the crash either, or only vague memories after.

But the most shattering of all these revelations was the one where I realised, I could not remember my name.

I tried to calm down, sensing a rising panic.

I was just disoriented, I told myself. After 45 days in an induced coma, it had messed with my mind, and it was only a temporary lapse. Yes, that’s what it was, a temporary lapse. I will remember tomorrow. Or the next day.

Sleep was a blessed relief.

The next day I didn’t wake up feeling nauseous. I think they’d lowered the pain medication. I’d heard that morphine could have that effect. Then, how could I know that but not who I am?

Now I knew Winifred the nurse was preparing me for something unbelievably bad. She was upbeat, and soothing, giving me a new piece of information each morning. This morning, “You do not need to be afraid. Everything is going to be fine. The doctor tells me you are going to recover with little scarring. You will need some physiotherapy to recover from your physical injuries, but that’s in the future. We need to let you mend a little bit more before then.”

So, I was not going to be able to leap out of bed and walk out of the hospital any time soon. I don’t suppose I’d ever leapt out of bed, except as a young boy. I suspect I’d sustained a few broken bones. I guess learning to walk again was the least of my problems.

But there was something else. I picked it up in the timbre of her voice, a hesitation, or reluctance. It sent another chill through me.

This time I was left awake for an hour before she returned.

This time sleep was restless.

Scenes were playing in my mind, nothing I recognised, and nothing lasting longer than a glimpse. Me. Others, people I didn’t know. Or I knew them and couldn’t remember them.

Until they disappeared, slowly like the glowing dot in the centre of the computer screen, before finally fading to black.

The morning the bandages were to come off she came in early and woke me. I had another restless night, the images becoming clearer, but nothing recognisable.

“This morning the doctor will be removing the bandages over your eyes. Don’t expect an immediate effect. Your sight may come back quickly, or it may come back slowly, but we believe it will come back.”

I wanted to believe I was not expecting anything, but I was. It was human nature. I did not want to be blind as well as paralysed. I had to have at least one reason to live.

I dozed again until I felt a gentle hand on my shoulder. I could smell the lavender; the other doctor was back. And I knew the hand on my shoulder was Winifred’s. She told me not to be frightened.

I was amazed to realise at that moment, I wasn’t.

I heard the scissors cutting the bandages.

I felt the bandage being removed, and the pressure coming off my eyes. I could feel the pads covering both eyes.

Then a moment when nothing happened.

Then the pads are gently lifted and removed.

Nothing.

I blinked my eyes, once, twice. Nothing.

“Just hold on a moment,” Winifred said. A few seconds later I could feel a cool towel wiping my face, and then gently wiping my eyes. There was ointment or something else in them.

Then a flash. Well, not a flash, but like when a light is turned on and off. A moment later, it was brighter, not the inky blackness of before, but a shade of grey.

She wiped my eyes again.

I blinked a few more times, and then the light returned, and it was like looking through water, at distorted and blurry objects in the distance.

I blinked again, and she wiped my eyes again.

Blurry objects took shape. A face looking down on me, an elderly lady with a kindly face, surely Winifred, who was smiling. And on the opposite side of the bed, the doctor, a Chinese woman of indescribable beauty.

I nodded.

“You can see?”

I nodded again.

“Clearly?”

I nodded.

“Very good. We will just draw the curtains now. We don’t want to overdo it. Tomorrow we will be taking off the bandages on your face. Then, it will be the next milestone. Talking.”

I couldn’t wait.

When morning came, I found myself afraid. Winifred had mentioned scarring, there were bandages on my face. I knew, but wasn’t quite sure how I knew, I wasn’t the most handsome of men before the accident, so this might be an improvement.

I was not sure why I didn’t think it would be the case.

They came at mid-morning, the nurse, Winifred, and the doctor, the exquisite Chinese. She was the distraction, taking my mind off the reality of what I was about to see.

Another doctor came into the room before the bandages were removed, and he was introduced as the plastic surgeon who had ‘repaired’ the ravages of the accident. It had been no easy job, but, with a degree of egotism, he did say he was one of the best in the world.

I found it hard to believe, if he were, that he would be at a small country hospital.

“Now just remember, what you might see now is not how you will look in a few months.”

Warning enough.

The Chinese doctor started removing the bandages. She did it slowly and made sure it did not hurt. My skin was very tender, and I suspect still bruised, either from the accident or the surgery, I didn’t know.

Then it was done.

The plastic surgeon gave his work a thorough examination and seemed pleased with his work. “Coming along nicely,” he said to the other doctor. He issued some instructions on how to manage the skin, nodded to me, and I thanked him before he left.

I noticed Winifred had a mirror in her hand and was reticent in using it. “As I said,” she said noticing me looking at the mirror, “what you see now will not be the result. The doctor said it was going to heal with little scarring. You have been extremely fortunate he was available. Are you ready?”

I nodded.

She showed me.

I tried not to be reviled at the red and purple mess that used to be my face. At a guess, I would have to say he had to put it all back together again, but not knowing what I looked like before, I had no benchmark. All I had was a snippet of memory that told me I was not the tall, dark, and handsome type.

And I still could not talk. There was a reason, he had worked in that area too. Just breathing hurt. I think I would save up anything I had to say for another day. I could not even smile. Or frown. Or grimace.

“We’ll leave you for a while. Everyone needs a little time to get used to the change. I suspect you are not sure if there has been an improvement in last year’s model. Well, time will tell.”

A new face?

I could not remember the old one.

My memory still hadn’t returned.

©  Charles Heath  2024

Top 5 sights on the road less travelled – Sardinia

Sardinia is famous for its glamorous coastlines, but the island truly shines when you venture inland or to its quieter corners. For a journey on the road less travelled, here are five of the best places and activities:

1. Hike the Gola Su Gorropu Gorge

  • What it is: Often called the “Grand Canyon of Europe,” this is one of the deepest gorges on the continent, carved by the Flumineddu River in the Supramonte mountain range.
  • Why it’s less travelled: It requires a moderate-to-challenging hike (or a 4×4 transfer) to access, keeping the crowds away. This activity takes you deep into Sardinia’s rugged, wild heart, offering a dramatic contrast to the beaches.
  • Activity: Trek through the immense canyon walls, navigating the huge boulders within the gorge floor.

2. Meet the Albino Donkeys of Asinara National Park

  • What it is: A protected, uninhabited island off the northwest coast, formerly a maximum-security prison and penal colony.
  • Why it’s less travelled: Access is restricted to preserve the environment. Its primary inhabitants are the rare wild albino donkeys (known as Asinara donkeys), horses, and other wildlife.
  • Activity: Take a ferry from Stintino or Porto Torres and explore the island by bike (or e-bike), following the paths that connect coves, ancient watchtowers, and abandoned prison infrastructure.

3. Explore the Dunes of Piscinas

  • What it is: Located in the Arbus area on the west coast, this is the largest desert in Europe, with vast, rolling golden dunes that stretch for miles and meet the sea.
  • Why it’s less travelled: It’s a remote area, part of the old mining region, far from the main tourist hubs. The landscape is unique, offering a “wild-west” feel.
  • Activity: Wander through the immense dunes, admire the rust-red lagoons, and spot the abandoned mining carts illuminated by the Milky Way at night.

4. Step Back in Time at Nuraghe Su Nuraxi

  • What it is: The largest and most complete example of the nuraghi, the massive stone defence structures erected by the ancient Nuragic civilisation (1800–700 BCE). It is a UNESCO World Heritage site located inland in the village of Barumini.
  • Why it’s less travelled: It’s located deep in the countryside, away from the coastal routes. While famous, it draws a different crowd focused on deep history and archaeology.
  • Activity: Take a mandatory guided tour to explore the ruins of the fortified complex, which has re-emerged in its entirety, offering a window into one of the oldest civilisations in the Mediterranean.

5. Walk the Streets of the Open-Air Museum of San Sperate

  • What it is: A small, vibrant agricultural village about 15 minutes from Cagliari, transformed into an open-air art gallery.
  • Why it’s less travelled: It’s often overlooked by tourists heading straight for the beaches. Since the 1960s, local and international artists have covered the exterior walls of homes and shops with colourful murals depicting social, political, and historical themes.
  • Activity: Get “lost” walking the quaint streets, admiring over 200 murals and the basalt sculptures by local artist Pinuccio Sciola, who started the town’s artistic renaissance.

“The Devil You Don’t”, she was the girl you would not take home to your mother!

Now only $0.99 at https://amzn.to/2Xyh1ow

John Pennington’s life is in the doldrums. Looking for new opportunities, and prevaricating about getting married, the only joy on the horizon was an upcoming visit to his grandmother in Sorrento, Italy.

Suddenly he is left at the check-in counter with a message on his phone telling him the marriage is off, and the relationship is over.

If only he hadn’t promised a friend he would do a favour for him in Rome.

At the first stop, Geneva, he has a chance encounter with Zoe, an intriguing woman who captures his imagination from the moment she boards the Savoire, and his life ventures into uncharted territory in more ways than one.

That ‘favour’ for his friend suddenly becomes a life-changing event, and when Zoe, the woman who he knows is too good to be true, reappears, danger and death follow.

Shot at, lied to, seduced, and drawn into a world where nothing is what it seems, John is dragged into an adrenaline-charged undertaking, where he may have been wiser to stay with the ‘devil you know’ rather than opt for the ‘devil you don’t’.

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Research for the writing of a thriller – 2

Background material used in creating a location, an explosive situation, and characters to bring it alive – the story – A Score to Settle

The world-weary agent – back for one more time

The Wreckage of Recovery: He’s Back in the Cold, Guarding His Past

In the world of espionage, the only way out is usually in a box. So when a veteran operative manages to survive a mission so catastrophic it nearly took his life, the recovery phase is supposed to be quiet. Long days of physical therapy, sterile white walls, and the slow, agonizing work of stitching a broken mind back together.

But sometimes, the world doesn’t care if you’re healed. Sometimes, the world demands you step back into the fire—especially when the flames are being deliberately fanned by the one person you were trying to forget.

We have a fascinating, terrifying scenario playing out on the global stage, and it centers on a man who desperately needed to stay out of the game, and a woman who refuses to follow advice.


From Scar Tissue to Suit: The Return of the World-Weary

Our protagonist—let’s call him ‘K’—was, until recently, a ghost. His last operation ended in failure, betrayal, and enough collateral damage to earn him a permanent benching. The physical scars have faded, but the echoes of that op—the one that ended in wreckage, not resolution—still ring in his ears. He is a man who knows the cold, bitter taste of failure, and he has spent his recovery time convincing himself he is done with the risk.

But the powers that be, desperate for a protector whose instincts are razor sharp, regardless of his mental state, have dragged him screaming back. His new assignment? Chief Protection Agent for one of the most famous, and most controversial, keynote speakers in the world.

And this is where the wires cross, the circuits fry, and the danger moves from external threat to emotional time bomb.

The Tinder Box and the Stubborn Star

The VIP—the keynote speaker—is currently a primary target. Her message is polarizing, her reach is global, and the threats against her security detail are mounting daily. Intelligence reports have advised strongly against her appearance at the upcoming summit. The venue is being called a tinder box; a complex security nightmare ripe for exploitation.

Yet, she ignores the warnings. She is charismatic, driven, and possesses an almost reckless belief in her own invulnerability. She will step onto that stage, no matter how many alarms are sounding.

And K is the man standing between her and whatever unseen forces are gathering in the shadows.

The History That Threatens the Present

The problem isn’t just the professional risk, the complex logistics, or the very real possibility of a sniper. The problem is the history K shares with the speaker.

Their connection is not just a footnote on a long-forgotten mission brief. It’s the kind of history that makes his hands shake when he reaches for his weapon; the kind of history that compromises judgment and muddies the tactical waters.

Was it a failed romance tangled up in a field investigation? A partnership that blew up under pressure? Whatever the specifics, the remnants of their intense, complicated past linger. For K, guarding her isn’t just a job; it’s a terrifying confrontation with a vulnerability he thought he had successfully buried beneath layers of medical gauze and psychological denial.

Can he protect a woman he once loved, or perhaps still feels deeply connected to, knowing that his last major emotional involvement ended in devastation?

He has been brought in because he is the best. But when the target is also the source of your deepest emotional baggage, being the best is rarely enough. The line between professional duty and catastrophic personal collapse is thinner than ever.

Disaster in the Offing?

K is walking into a situation where the external threat is immense, but the internal threat—his own broken concentration, his lingering guilt, the complicated chemistry between him and the VIP—is arguably far greater.

He knows better than anyone that when personal history is allowed to bleed onto the professional landscape, disaster is almost always the result. He is physically recovered, yes, but mentally? He is still standing precariously amidst the wreckage of his last mission.

The big question hanging over this high-stakes security detail isn’t if the enemy will strike, but rather: Will K be the protector who saves her life, or will his own complicated history with the woman he is guarding be the catalyst for yet another, final, devastating failure?

The clock is ticking. And in this tinder box, the past is about to light the fuse.